两种横斑羽自别雌雄杂交组合的生产性能比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 05:29

本文选题：芦花鸡 + 生产性能　；参考：《四川农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：本试验主要比较两个横斑羽自别雌雄杂交组合的生产性能,同时分析亲本的选育进展；确定不同品系在配套系中的应用方向,以配套模式选育出适应性较好、性能稳定发挥的优势杂交组合。本试验包括两部分,第一部分是对纯系LH、HS1、HS2、BH01,所有世代的孵化、繁殖、生长数据进行比较、分析选育进展。第二部分包括四个杂交组合HL1、HL2、BHL1、BHL2。HL1和HL2是二系杂交组合,BHL1和BHL2是三系杂交组合。首先它是以HS1、HS2为父系,LH为母系进行二系杂交(HS1×LH、HS2×LH,分别简写为HL1、HL2),然后以BHO1作父本与上述二系杂交组合的母本(HLl、HL2)进行杂交形成BHL1 (BH01× (HS1×LH)和BHL2(BH01×(HS2×LH)。本试验主要分别观察和比较两个二系组合HL1和HL2以及两个三系组合BHL]和BHL2的外貌、生长、繁殖、屠宰、蛋品质等性能以确定优势组合。本试验得到以下结果：1.纯系的选育进展研究结果：芦花鸡的体型适中,经过两个世代的的选育,开产日龄在160d,300d的产蛋量和蛋重分别达到91.1个和60.2g,其携带横斑基因,适合作为母本；HS1、HS2体型适中,生长速度显著,经过两个世代的选育,二者开产日龄均大约为145d,300d的产蛋数均达到了100.7个、101.4个,13周龄的体重分别达到了1378.7g、1319.3g,二者是第一父本的最佳选择；BHO1生长速度快,经过四个世代的选育,开产日龄达到168d,其300d的产蛋数提高到91.8个,13周龄体重达到了1334.8g,其符合终端父本的要求。2.二系杂交组合母鸡的生产性能测定结果：两个二系杂交组合的外貌特点主要以麻羽浅胫(HL1、HL2分别占群体0.8%、4.8%)、麻羽深胫(HL1、HL2分别占群体63.9%、77.4%)、黑羽深胫(HL1、HL2分别占群体35.2%、17.7%)三种；对正交的二系杂交组合的雏鸡进行的芦花自别雌雄准确率为100%；二系杂交组合HLl入孵蛋孵化率为78.14%、各阶段成活率均大于93.8%和13wk的体重为1429.5g均优于HL2(P0.05)；HL2的在()-20wk和21～43wk的只耗料量为8.2kg、16.6kg均优于HL1; HL2的300d产蛋数为119.4个,其产蛋性能优于HLl(P0.05)；HL2蛋品质的蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色上明显高于HLl(P0.05),HL2的屠体重为1.85kg,皮脂厚为0.96cm均显著高于HL1(P().05),综合考虑,二系杂交组合的HL2的生产性能优于HL1。3.三系杂交组合母鸡的生产性能结果：两个三系组合公、母鸡外貌特征分类基本相同,其数量变化由多到少为浅羽深胫、深羽深胫、浅羽浅胫；三系杂交组合母鸡BHL1的入孵蛋孵化率为82.4%优于BHL2, BHL2 21～43wk的成活率为98.18%高于BHL1,二者体重、耗料量之间的差异不大：BHL2母鸡的开产日龄为176d,300d产蛋量是94.3个,其产蛋性能好于BHL1 (P＜0.05); BHL1母鸡的蛋白高度明显高于BHL2母鸡(P0.05),其他蛋品质之间差异不明显；BHL2母鸡的肌胃重、肌胃重率、腹脂重和腹脂率明显高于BHL1母鸡(P0.05),其他屠宰性能之间无差异；本试验说明,三系组合母鸡BHL2的生产性能更加优于BHL1母鸡。4.三系杂交组合公鸡的生产性能结果：BHLl和BHL2公鸡的各周龄体重无差异,BHL1的7-17wk的成活率为98.21%高于BHL2, BHL2公鸡胸肌重、胸肌率分别为173.2g、18.65%均显著高于BHL1公鸡(P0.05),而其他屠宰性能差异不显著(P＞0.05), BHL1、BHL2公鸡在胸、腿肌的剪切力和肌苷酸含量的差异不显著(P＞0.05), BHL2公鸡的腿肌粗水分和粗脂肪的相对含量分别为74.8%、13.3%明显高于BHL1公鸡(P0.05),而其他肉质方面差异不显著(P0.05); BHL2公鸡胸肌干物质氨基酸的总含量是63.87%,高于BHL1公鸡(P＜0.05), BHL2公鸡腿肌干物质必需氨酸的含量是36.09%,显著高于BHL1公鸡(P0.05),本试验说明,BHL2公鸡的屠宰性能、肉品质均优于BHL1。综上所述,二、三系杂交组合外貌特征符合地方鸡的外貌要求,二系杂交组合充分发挥了横斑羽自别雌雄的优点。二系组合中HL2的生产性能和蛋品质均优于HL1,三系组合中BHL2母鸡的生产性能和蛋品质优于BHL1,而BHL2公鸡的生产性能、屠宰和肉品质均优于BHL1。
[Abstract]:In this experiment , the production performance of two cross - spot - feather hybrid combinations was compared , and the breeding progress of the parents was analyzed .
The results were as follows : 1 . HS1 , HS2 , BHL1 , BHL2 , HL1 and HL2 were crossed to form BHL1 ( BH01 脳 LH ) and BHL2 ( BH01 脳 ( HS2 脳 LH ) . The second part consisted of four hybrid combinations HL1 , HL2 , BHL1 , BHL2 , HL1 and BHL2 .
HS1 , HS2 were moderate in size , and the growth rate was remarkable . After two generations of breeding , the number of egg - producing days were 100.7 , 101.4 , 1378.7 g and 1319.3 g respectively , which were the best choice for the first male parent .
The growth rate of BHO1 was fast . After four generations of breeding , the number of egg - producing days reached 168d , the number of egg - producing eggs increased to 91.8 , and the weight of 13 - week - old had reached 131.8 g . The results showed that the appearance of two - line hybrid combinations mainly consisted of three types : hemp - feather superficial shin ( HL1 , HL2 , group 0 . 8 % , 4.8 % ) , hemp - feather deep - shin ( HL1 , HL2 , group 63.9 % , 77.4 % ) , black - feather deep - shin ( HL1 , HL2 , respectively ) .
the accuracy rate of the reed self - incompatibility in the chicks of the orthogonal two - line hybrid combination is 100 % ;
The hatching rate of the two - line hybrid HL91 hatching eggs was 78.14 % , the survival rate of each stage was more than 93.8 % and the body weight of 13wk was 1429.5g better than that of HL2 ( P0.05 ) .
The only consumption of HL2 in ( ) -20wk and 21 - 43wk was 8.2 kg , 16.6kg was superior to HL1 ; the number of eggs produced by HL2 was 119.4 , and the laying performance of HL2 was better than that of HL1 ( P0.05 ) ;
HL2 egg quality was significantly higher than that of HL1 ( P0.05 ) , the carcass weight of HL2 was 1.85kg , and the thickness of HL2 was 0.96cm , which was significantly higher than that of HL1 ( P ( ) . 05 ) .
The hatchability of BHL1 was 82.4 % better than BHL2 , and the survival rate of BHL2 21 - 43wk was 98.18 % higher than that of BHL2 .
The muscle and stomach weight , muscle and stomach weight , abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage of BHL2 hens were significantly higher than that of BHL1 hens ( P0.05 ) . There was no difference between the other slaughtering performance ;
The results showed that BHL1 and BHL2 had no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) , the relative contents of BHL1 and BHL2 were significantly higher than that of BHL1 ( P0.05 ) .
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S831

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