不同鹅品种求偶交配行为差异及其对种蛋受精率的影响

发布时间：2018-06-29 06:34

本文选题：四川白鹅 + 浙东白鹅　；参考：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不同鹅品种间经济杂交已成为当前鹅业生产的主要手段之一,我们前期研究发现,不同鹅品种间杂交表现出较高的杂种优势,但种蛋受精率要明显低于纯种生产。不同品种间是否存在交配障碍(选择性交配、竞争交配等),从而引起受精率下降,目前尚未有报道。基于此,本研究采用观察记录法,以浙东白鹅、四川白鹅和卡洛斯鹅为研究对象,组建浙东白鹅♂×四川白鹅♀(ZC)、四川白鹅♂×浙东白鹅♀(CZ)、浙东白鹅♂×浙东白鹅♀(ZZ)、四川白鹅♂×四川白鹅♀(CC)、卡洛斯鹅♂×四川白鹅♀(KC)、四川白鹅♂×卡洛斯鹅♀(CK)、卡洛斯鹅♂×卡洛斯鹅♀(KK)、四川白鹅♂×四川白鹅♀(CC)多父本家系。采用视频自动采集系统,观察比较不同组合求偶交配行为,揭示不同品种间求偶交配行为差异及其对种蛋受精率的影响,为科学选配、完善饲养管理制度、提高水禽生产力和经济效益提供一定的理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.为揭示不同鹅品种间求偶交配行为差异,经观察,鹅求偶方式包括公鹅主动求偶、母鹅主动求偶、公母鹅互相求偶,公鹅主动求偶为主要求偶方式。浙东白鹅与四川白鹅存在连续交配、固定交配、交配(竞争)干扰、母鹅爬跨等特殊行为。卡洛斯公鹅存在一对一交配、优胜等级序列与明显的交配(竞争)干扰行为,因此建议在卡洛斯鹅保种过程中剔除此类公鹅,以维持群体的遗传多样性。同时还发现浙东白鹅公母鹅均存在明显选择性交配。卡洛斯鹅与四川白鹅间也存在明显选择性交配,母鹅配合度低,种间亲和性差。浙东白鹅与四川白鹅杂交,从总体来看,杂交组公鹅主动求偶频次低于纯繁组,但求偶用时高于纯繁组。其中,四川白鹅♂×浙东白鹅♀组公鹅主动求偶频次和时长(11.93次/天,17.34s)与四川白鹅纯繁组(16.00次/天,14.15s)存在显著差异(P0.05),说明不同品种间杂交会导致求偶频次降低。浙东白鹅母鹅主动求偶与追逐公鹅的频次高于四川白鹅母鹅,其中,四川白鹅♂×浙东白鹅♀组显著高于其他组(P0.05),说明浙东白鹅母鹅求偶能力强于四川白鹅母鹅。不同品种杂交还会降低母鹅配合交配的频次,四川白鹅♂×浙东白鹅♀组母鹅配合交配频次为15.71次/天,显著低于四川白鹅纯繁组(20.43次/天)(P0.05)。根据求偶交配行为频次判断各组最佳合群时间为11-15天,这为开展不同品种杂交确定种蛋收集时间提供了一定的依据。卡洛斯鹅与四川白鹅杂交,从总体来看,不同品种间杂交对求偶交配行为影响显著,杂交组公鹅求偶、爬跨、交尾、成功交配与母鹅配合交配的频次均低于纯繁组。尤其是四川白鹅纯繁组上述各种行为频次均显著高于其他组(P0.05)。说明,四川白鹅求偶交配能力强于卡洛斯鹅,结果提示在今后开展不同种(中国鹅与欧洲鹅)杂交利用时,要调整好公母比例以确保合理的公鹅求偶交配次数。2.为揭示不同交配强度的公鹅(浙东白鹅)、母鹅(四川白鹅)血清性激素水平,酶联免疫吸附测定结果表明,成功交配40次以上的公鹅睾酮水平为111.42 ng/L,显著高于交配低于30次的公鹅(81.48 ng/L)(P0.05);主动求偶与爬跨的母鹅雌二醇水平分别为47.52 ng/L、57.65 ng/L,均显著高于不愿交配的母鹅(13.57 ng/L)(P0.05),该结果表明性激素在一定程度上影响求偶交配行为。3.为阐明求偶交配行为与种蛋受精率的关系,统计分析表明,浙东白鹅与四川白鹅各组合中,种蛋受精率与公鹅成功交配次数显著正相关(rp=0.992*,P0.05),与三种求偶行为次数不相关。卡洛斯鹅与四川白鹅各组合中,种蛋受精率与公鹅成功交配次数、总交配行为次数显著正相关(rp= 0.975*,P0.05;rp=0.980*,P0.05),与三种求偶行为次数均不相关。该结果提示在生产中可以通过提高成功交配次数来提高种蛋受精率。本研究揭示了中、欧不同鹅品种交配行为差异,并发现各组合种蛋受精率与公鹅成功交配频次呈显著相关,在一定交配次数范围内,公鹅成功交配次数越多,种蛋受精率越高。
[Abstract]:The economic hybridization between different goose varieties has become one of the main means of the current production of goose industry. In our previous study, we found that the hybrids of different goose breeds showed high heterosis, but the fertilization rate of eggs was obviously lower than the production of pure species. On the basis of this, the study adopts the observation record method, taking the East Zhejiang white goose, Sichuan white goose and Carlos goose as the research object, the East Zhejiang white goose, Sichuan White Goose (ZC), the Sichuan white goose, Zhejiang East White Goose (CZ), the East Zhejiang white goose, Zhejiang East White Goose (ZZ), the Sichuan goose Sichuan White Goose (CC), and the goose of Sichuan. Sichuan White Goose (KC), Sichuan white goose, Carlos Goose (CK), Carlos goose x Carlos Goose (KK), and white geese White Goose (CC) multi paternal family of Sichuan white goose, using video automatic collection system to observe and compare the mating behavior of different combinations and reveal the difference of mating behavior between different varieties and the fertilization rate of eggs. The main research results are as follows: 1. the main research results are as follows: in order to reveal the difference of mating behavior among different goose varieties, the goose courtship method includes the male geese active courtship, the female geese active courtship, the male geese courting to each other, and the male geese active courtship. For the main courtship mode, there are continuous mating, fixed mating, mating (competition) interference, and the goose climbing span of the Sichuan goose. The Carlos goose has one to one mating, the superior rank sequence and the obvious mating (competition) interference behavior. Therefore, it is suggested that this kind of goose be eliminated in the Carlos goose conservation process to maintain the group. The genetic diversity of the goose in East Zhejiang was also found to be obviously selective mating. There was also an obvious selective mating between the Carlos goose and the Sichuan white geese, the female geese had a low coordination degree and a poor interspecific affinity. In general, the cross group of goose and Sichuan white geese were lower than the pure propagation group, but the courtship was used in the courtship. The frequency and length of active courtship of Sichuan white goose and Zhejiang East White geese (11.93 times / day, 17.34s) and Sichuan white goose pure propagation group (16 times / day, 14.15s) were significantly different (P0.05), which indicated that the frequency of courtship between different varieties could lead to lower frequency of courtship, and the frequency of active courtship and chasing goose in East Zhejiang goose goose was higher. In Sichuan white goose goose, Sichuan white goose and Zhedong white goose were significantly higher than other groups (P0.05), indicating that the geese of East Zhejiang goose was better than the Sichuan goose goose. The cross breeding of different varieties would reduce the frequency of mating and mating, and the mating frequency of the female goose of Sichuan goose and Zhedong white goose was significantly lower than that of the female goose. The pure propagation group of Sichuan White Goose (20.43 / day) (P0.05). According to the frequency of mating mating, the best combination time of each group was 11-15 days, which provided a certain basis for developing different varieties of egg collection time. In general, Carlos E and Sichuan white goose had a significant influence on the mating behavior of the courtship. The frequency of mating and mating between male and female goose was lower than that of pure propagation. In particular, the frequency of all kinds of behavior of Sichuan white goose group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P0.05). It shows that the mating ability of Sichuan goose is stronger than that of Carlos goose, and the results suggest that different species (Chinese goose and European goose) are carried out in the future. The ratio of male and female to the male goose (Sichuan white goose) and the female Goose (Sichuan white goose) were determined by the ratio of male and female to the male goose (Sichuan white goose). The results of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that the level of male testosterone of more than 40 times was 111.42 ng/L, which was significantly higher than that of mating of less than 3. The 0 male geese (81.48 ng/L) (81.48 ng/L) (P0.05); the estradiol levels of the active and climbing female goose were 47.52 ng/L and 57.65 ng/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the unmating female Goose (13.57 ng/L) (P0.05). The results showed that the sex hormone, to a certain extent, affected the mating behavior of the courtship mating behavior and the relationship between the mating behavior of the courtship and the rate of fertilized eggs. The results showed that in the combination of Sichuan white goose and Sichuan white geese, the fertilization rate of eggs was significantly positively correlated with the successful mating number of male geese (rp=0.992*, P0.05), which was not related to the number of courtship behavior. In the combination of Carlos goose and Sichuan white geese, the fertilization rate of eggs was significantly correlated with the number of successful mating of goose and the number of total mating behavior (rp= 0.975*, P0.05; Rp=0.980*, P0.05) is not related to the number of three kinds of courtship behavior. This result suggests that the rate of successful mating can be improved in production. This study reveals the difference in mating behavior of different goose breeds in Europe, and found that the fertilization rate of different combinations of eggs is significantly related to the successful mating frequency of male goose, in certain mating times. The higher the number of male goose mating, the higher the fertilization rate.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S835

【参考文献】