季节对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性及其微生物区系的影响

发布时间：2018-06-29 11:16

本文选题：内蒙古白绒山羊 + 季节　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了深入掌握内蒙古绒山羊甲烷排放现状,进一步研究和挖掘绒山羊瘤胃甲烷菌多样性遗传资源,补充瘤胃古菌领域的知识,提高动物生产性能和控制温室效应,本研究采用现代分子生物技术手段,分别在夏(8月)、冬(2月)季节进行了不同类型绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性和瘤胃产甲烷菌及其相关微生物的定量和定性比较研究,以期探明季节变化、品种类型对绒山羊瘤胃甲烷产生和甲烷菌及相关微生物的影响。试验一,季节对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性的影响。试验结果显示：阿尔巴斯型、二狼山型及阿拉善型三种类型内蒙古白绒山羊所采食牧草的干物质(DM)、粗纤维(NDF. ADF)含量均表现为冬季高于夏季,粗蛋白(CP)的含量为夏季值高于冬季值。品种类型和气候、地域环境对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵特性有显著影响。其中,阿尔巴斯型瘤胃pH值较高于其它两种类型：氨态氮含量均为夏季极显著大于冬季,夏季阿拉善型VFA含量最大,为69.74mmol/L,冬季阿拉善型VFA含量最低,仅16.41mmol/L。试验二,季节对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃微生物数量比影响。品种类型和气候、地域环境对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃甲烷菌及相关微生物种群有一定的影响。其中,阿拉善型瘤胃产甲烷菌的平均数量最大,二狼山型次之,阿尔巴斯型最低,分别为7.02×108 copy/mL、3.96×108　copy/mL.3.25×108　copy/mL,三种类型内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃内产甲烷菌的平均数量均表现为夏季值大于冬季值,分别为7.59× 108　copies/mL和1.96 ×108　copies/mL;纤维分解菌的平均值为冬季显著大于夏季,分别为1.45×1011 copies/mL　和 4.80×1010 copies/mL;瘤胃内原虫数量受季节影响较大三种类型均表现为夏季显著大于冬季,夏季和冬季原虫的平均值分别为3.13×1 05个/mL、8.18×104个/mL,从类型来看,夏季、冬季原虫数量均是阿拉善型最多。试验三,季节对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃产甲烷菌多样性的影响。基于高通量测序技术得到15486条有效碱基序列,1249个OTU类型,经整理得到32个优势OTU类型,不同季节各类型白绒山羊OTU类型所占比例不同。在内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃内甲烷短杆菌属为优势产甲烷菌,平均比例为94.98%,甲烷球形菌属次之,为4.96%,同时部分类型中含有少量的甲烷微菌属、甲烷鬃毛菌属和甲烷微球菌属。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the present situation of methane emission in Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, the genetic resources of methane bacteria diversity in rumen of cashmere goats were further studied and excavated, the knowledge of ancient rumen bacteria was supplemented, the production performance of animals and the control of Greenhouse Effect were improved. In this study, the rumen fermentation characteristics of different types of cashmere goats and the quantitative and qualitative comparison of rumen methanogenic bacteria and related microorganisms were studied in summer (August) and winter (February) by means of modern molecular biotechnology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonal variation and variety types on rumen methane production and methane bacteria and related microbes in cashmere goats. Experiment 1. Effects of season on rumen fermentation characteristics of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goat. The results showed that the dry matter (DM) and crude fiber (NDFF) of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats fed on the three types of Albas, Erlangshan and Alxa types were dry matter (DM) and crude fiber (NDF). The content of ADF in winter was higher than that in summer, and the content of crude protein (CP) in summer was higher than that in winter. Variety type, climate, regional environment have significant effects on rumen fermentation characteristics of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. The pH value of the Alba type was higher than that of the other two types: the ammonia nitrogen content in summer was significantly higher than that in winter, the highest VFA content in summer was 69.74 mmol / L, and the lowest was 16.41 mmol / L in winter. Experiment two, season effect on rumen microbial quantity ratio of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goat. Variety type, climate, regional environment have certain influence on rumen methane bacteria and related microbial population of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goat. The average amount of methanogenic bacteria in Alashan type was the largest, followed by Erlang Mountain type and Arbor type. The average number of methanogenic bacteria in the rumen of the three types of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats were 7.02 脳 108 copy / mL 3.96 脳 108 copymL.3.25 脳 108 copymL, respectively. The average number of methanogenic bacteria in the rumen of the three types of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats was 7.59 脳 108copies-per-mL and 1.96 脳 108copies-mLrespectively, and the average number of cellulolytic bacteria in winter was significantly larger than that in summer. The results showed that the number of protozoa in the rumen was significantly larger in summer than in winter, and the average values of protozoa in summer and winter were 3.13 脳 10 5 / mL and 8.18 脳 10 4 / mL, respectively. The number of protozoa is the highest in winter. Experiment 3, the effect of season on the diversity of rumen methanogenic bacteria in Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Based on the high-throughput sequencing technique, 1249 OTU types of 15486 effective base sequences were obtained, and 32 dominant OTU types were obtained after finishing. The proportion of OTU types of white cashmere goats in different seasons was different. In Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goat, the dominant methanogenic bacteria in the rumen of the genus Botrytis, the average proportion is 94.98, the second is the spheroidal methanobacter, the other is 4.96. At the same time, some types contain a small amount of methanogen, methanocystis and methanococcus.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S827

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