蒙新区、青藏区马胃蝇多样性及种群遗传结构

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:01

本文选题：马胃蝇 + 普氏野马　；参考：《北京林业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：马胃蝇蛆病在中国马科动物,尤其是濒危物种普氏野马群体中广泛流行。本研究分别对蒙新区的新疆卡拉麦里保护区普氏野马、内蒙古多伦县当地家马以及青藏区的青海省玛多县当地家马进行驱虫,通过对马胃蝇数量、种类的调查分析,研究上述三个地区的草原、荒漠草原和高原高寒草原马胃蝇蛆病发生情况、区系组成,结果表明：马胃蝇蛆病发生普遍,且感染程度有明显的地域性——蒙新区重于青藏区；蒙新区的马胃蝇种类较青藏区丰富；马胃蝇多样性受宿主所在环境条件影响,黑腹胃蝇具有成功适应严酷生境的生存方式。在新疆卡拉麦里地区,黑腹胃蝇为当地优势种。本文利用线粒体COI基因对该地区感染同域马科动物的黑腹胃蝇、鼻胃蝇和黑角胃蝇进行种群遗传结构研究,结果表明：感染同一宿主个体的三种马胃蝇均分别来自多个母本；三种马胃蝇在不同种宿主间均未形成遗传分化,且普氏野马每年重复感染的黑腹胃蝇主要源自同域野驴,感染的鼻胃蝇和黑角胃蝇主要由家马所致；三种马胃蝇群体内部均呈现一定程度的遗传分化,黑腹胃蝇较之鼻胃蝇和黑角胃蝇在种群遗传结构上的区别很可能是其独特的产卵方式在种群遗传结构上的反映。
[Abstract]:Equine gastric myiasis is widespread in Chinese equine, especially in the endangered species of Primbus Mustang. In this study, Pushi Mustang, Xinjiang Kalamaili Reserve, Inner Mongolia Duolun County, and Qinghai Province Maduo County, Qinghai-Xizang District, were treated with insect repellent, and the number and species of horse stomach flies were investigated and analyzed. The occurrence and floristic composition of horse gastric myiasis in steppe, desert steppe and plateau alpine steppe were studied. The results showed that the occurrence of equine gastric myiasis was common, and the infection degree of horse stomach myiasis was more serious than that of Qinghai-Xizang region. The species of Musca equi in Mengxin area is more abundant than that in Qinghai-Xizang region, and the diversity of the flies is affected by the host environment, and the melanogaster has a way of living successfully to adapt to the harsh habitat. In Karamaili area, Xinjiang, the black stomach fly is the dominant species. In this paper, the genetic structure of three species of horse stomach flies infected with the same host in this area were studied by mitochondrial COI gene. The results showed that the three species of horse stomach flies infected with the same host were from multiple female parents. There was no genetic differentiation among different hosts of the three species of gastric flies, and the black stomach flies which were repeatedly infected by wild horses were mainly caused by wild donkeys, and the infestation of nasal stomach flies and black horned stomach flies were mainly caused by domestic horses. The difference of population genetic structure of the three species of Gastrozoa melanogaster is probably the reflection of its unique oviposition mode in the population genetic structure compared with that of the nasogastric fly and the Black-horned stomach fly.
【学位授予单位】：北京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.21

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