苎麻的饲用价值评定及其在山羊生产中的利用方法和效果研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 02:59
【摘要】：本课题主要研究苎麻在肉羊生产中的利用效果和利用方式,为苎麻在肉羊生产中的合理利用提供参考,主要分为以下三个部分:试验一:本试验通过体外产气法与尼龙袋法分别对苎麻叶片、苎麻全株以及去麻纤维苎麻的饲用价值进行评定。采用体外产气法测定苎麻叶片、苎麻全株以及去麻纤维苎麻的72 h动态产气量,并求得产气参数;并用上述三种原料进行尼龙袋试验,测定其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的降解率,求得降解参数。结果表明,产气试验中,苎麻全株在72 h时累计发酵产气量及理论最大产气量均最高,显著高于去麻纤维苎麻(P0.05),苎麻叶片居中,苎麻叶片与苎麻全株和去麻纤维苎麻均差异不显著(P0.05),去麻纤维苎麻最低。尼龙袋试验中,苎麻叶片、苎麻全株、去麻纤维苎麻在72 h时DM、CP、NDF及ADF的降解率由大到小依次为苎麻叶片苎麻全株去麻纤维苎麻,DM、NDF、ADF有效降解率也以苎麻叶片最大,苎麻全株居中,去麻纤维苎麻最低,然而CP有效降解率则表现出苎麻全株最大,苎麻叶片居中,去麻纤维苎麻最低。从总体有效降解率来看,苎麻叶片和苎麻全株的利用效果要优于去麻纤维苎麻。试验二:本试验以去纤维苎麻干草作为材料,分别以不同比例添加到山羊日粮中,以探究苎麻不同比例饲喂山羊的饲喂效果及适宜添加量。试验选用20只体况良好、体重相近的浏阳黑山羊,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组为基础日粮不添加苎麻T0(基础日粮中24%稻秸+36%苜蓿),处理一组T30(24%稻秸+25.2%苜蓿+10.8%苎麻)、处理二组T60(24%稻秸+14.4%苜蓿+21.6%苎麻)和处理三组T100(24%稻秸+0%苜蓿+36%苎麻),试验期54天,预饲期14天,正饲期40天。测定山羊的生长性能、瘤胃液指标、血液生化指标、屠宰性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质指标。结果表明,1)净增重、平均日增重和平均日采食量都以T100T0T60T30,但是差异不显著(P0.05),料重比以T100TOT60T30,差异也不显著(P0.05),单独饲喂苎麻效果优于对照组及单独饲喂苜蓿组。2)与对照组相比,T30组、T60组和T100组瘤胃氨氮含量、总VFA含量、乙酸、丙酸和乙丙比无显著差异(P0.05),饲喂芒麻与饲喂苜蓿瘤胃发酵结果相近。3)日粮添加苎麻干草对血液中尿素和甘油三酯含量影响差异显著(P0.05),T100组尿素含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),T60组和T100组甘油三酯含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)日粮添加苎麻干草对CP表观消化率、Ash表观消化率、NDF表观消化率和ADF表观消化率影响差异显著(P0.05),上述几个指标的表观消化率顺序为T0T30T60T100。5)日粮添加苎麻干草对屠宰率、各内脏重量、眼肌面积影响差异不显著(P0.05),与对照组相近。6)日粮添加苎麻干草对肉品质指标影响差异不显著(P0.05)。总体来看,苎麻饲喂山羊与苜蓿饲喂山羊效果相近,虽然营养物质表观消化率不及苜蓿,但没有影响山羊的生长性能等。所以,苎麻在山羊上利用效果较好。试验三:本试验探讨苎麻不同加工处理方式下对山羊饲喂的效果,研究苎麻在山羊生产中的合理利用方式。试验采用2×2因子试验设计,因子1为苎麻加工处理,分为苎麻青贮和苎麻干草,因子2为苎麻纤维处理,分为去麻纤维和不去麻纤维。试验选用32只体况良好、体重相近的浏阳黑山羊,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只羊,处理1为去除麻纤维后苎麻青贮组SD,处理2为不去除麻纤维苎麻青贮组SF,处理3为去除麻纤维后苎麻干草组HD,处理4为不去麻纤维苎麻干草组HF,试验期54天,预饲期14天,正饲期40天,测定山羊的生长性能、瘤胃液指标、血液生化指标、屠宰性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质指标。结果表明,1)苎麻不同加工处理对山羊净增重、平均日采食量和料重比影响差异不显著(P0.05),对山羊平均日增重有显著交互影响作用(P0.05)。2)苎麻不同加工处理对瘤胃液氨氮含量、总VFA含量、乙酸含量、丙酸含量、丁酸含量和乙丙比影响差异不显著(P0.05)。3)苎麻不同加工处理对血液中谷草转氨酶含量、尿素含量、甘油三酯含量、磷含量有显著的交互影响作用(P0.05)。苎麻加工处理对球蛋白、低密度脂蛋白有影响差异显著(P0.05),都以苎麻干草处理组显著高于苎麻青贮处理组(P0.05)。苎麻纤维处理对低密度脂蛋白含量影响差异显著(P0.05),以去纤维处理组显著大于不去纤维处理组(P0.05)。4)苎麻加工处理和苎麻纤维处理分别对DM表观消化率、CP表观消化率、NDF表观消化率、ADF表观消化率影响差异显著(P0.05),苎麻加工处理都以苎麻干草各组显著大于苎麻青贮各组(P0.05);苎麻纤维处理都以不去纤维组显著大于去纤维组(P0.05)。此外,苎麻加工处理对Ash表观消化率有显著影响(P0.05),以苎麻干草处理组大于苎麻青贮处理组(P0.05)。5)苎麻不同处理方式对屠宰性能影响差异不显著(P0.05)。6)肉品质指标中,以苎麻纤维处理对肉品质影响较大,其中对肌肉45min时PH为苎麻去纤维组显著大于苎麻不去纤维组(P0.05),而24h肌肉PH与45min时相反,为苎麻不去纤维组显著大于苎麻去纤维组(P0.05);对两时间点各部位肌肉红度a*和黄度b*以苎麻去纤维组显著大于苎麻不去纤维组(P0.05),亮度L*与红度a*和黄度b*相反,以苎麻不去纤维组显著大于苎麻去纤维组(P0.05)。对肌肉中粗蛋白量、部分氨基酸含量、部分脂肪酸含量影响差异显著(P0.05),都以苎麻去纤维显著高于苎麻不去纤维组(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:This subject mainly studies the utilization effect and utilization method of ramie in the production of mutton sheep. It provides reference for the rational utilization of ramie in the production of meat and sheep. It is divided into the following three parts: Test 1: the test of this experiment is to evaluate the feeding value of ramie leaf, ramie whole plant and Ramie by nylon bag method, respectively. In vitro gas production method was used to determine the dynamic gas production of ramie leaves, ramie whole plants and ramie 72 h, and to obtain gas production parameters, and the nylon bag test was carried out with the three kinds of raw materials mentioned above. The degradation rate of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid washing fiber (ADF) were measured, and the degradation parameters were obtained. The results showed that during the gas production test, the cumulative fermentation gas production and the maximum theoretical gas production were the highest at 72 h, significantly higher than that of Ramie (P0.05), ramie leaves, ramie leaves and ramie fiber ramie were not significant (P0.05), and the ramie fiber was the lowest. The degradation rate of DM, CP, NDF and ADF of ramie at 72 h was in turn from ramie to ramie, ramie, DM, NDF, NDF, ADF, and ramie, and ramie, and ramie, and ramie were the lowest. However, the effective degradation rate of CP showed the largest ramie plant, the middle ramie leaves, and the hemp fiber. According to the overall effective degradation rate, the utilization effect of ramie leaf and ramie whole plant is better than that of hemp fiber ramie. Test two: this experiment was added to the goat diet with different proportion of ramie hay as material, in order to explore the feeding effect and suitable amount of the goat in different proportion of ramie. 20 Liuyang black goats with good body weight and close weight were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 1 sheep for each. The control group did not add ramie T0 (24% rice straw +36% alfalfa) in basal diet, treated a group of T30 (24% rice straw +25.2% alfalfa +10.8% ramie), and treated two groups of T60 (24% rice straw +14.4% alfalfa +21.6% ramie) and treatment. Three groups of T100 (24% rice straw, alfalfa +36% ramie), 54 days in the test period, 14 days in the pre feeding period and 40 days in the positive feeding period, determine the growth performance of the goat, the index of gastric juice, the biochemical index of blood, the slaughter performance, the apparent digestibility of nutrient and the meat quality index. The results show that the average daily gain and average daily intake are T100T0T60T30, but the difference is no more than that of 1). Significantly (P0.05), the material weight ratio was T100TOT60T30, the difference was not significant (P0.05), the effect of feeding ramie alone was superior to the control group and alfalfa group.2 alone. Compared with the control group, the rumen nitrogen content, total VFA content, acetic acid, propionic acid and ethylene propylene ratio in group T30, T60 and T100 groups were not significantly different (P0.05), and the results were fed with cannabis and alfalfa rumen fermentation results. The effects of ramie hay on the content of urea and triglyceride in the blood were significantly different (P0.05), and the urea content in group T100 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), and the content of triglyceride in T60 and T100 groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).4), and the addition of ramie hay to the CP apparent digestibility, Ash apparent digestibility, NDF apparent digestibility and ADF were added to the diet of T60 and T100 groups. The apparent digestibility had a significant difference (P0.05). The apparent digestibility of the above indexes was T0T30T60T100.5). The effects of ramie hay on the slaughter rate, the visceral weight and the area of eye muscle were not significant (P0.05), and the effect of ramie hay on the meat quality indexes was not significant (P0.05). The difference was not significant (P0.05). The effect of ramie feeding goats and alfalfa fed goats was similar, although the apparent digestibility of nutrients was less than alfalfa, but it did not affect the growth performance of goats. Therefore, the effect of Ramie on goats was better. Experiment three: the effect of ramie feeding on different processing methods of ramie was discussed, and the ramie in the production of goats was studied. The experiment adopted 2 x 2 factor test design, factor 1 for ramie processing, divided into ramie silage and ramie hay, factor 2 for ramie fiber treatment, divided into hemp fiber and non hemp fiber. The experiment selected 32 Liuyang black goats with good body weight and similar weight, which were randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 replicates each group, and repeat 1 sheep in each group. Treatment 1 to remove ramie silage group SD after hemp fiber removal, treatment 2 is not to remove hemp fiber ramie silage group SF, treatment 3 to remove ramie hay group HD after hemp fiber treatment, treatment 4 is not to go to ramie hay group HF, test period 54 days, 14 days of pre feeding, 40 days in positive feeding period, determine the growth performance of goats, tumor gastric juice indexes, blood biochemical indexes, slaughter sex Ability, nutrient apparent digestibility and meat quality index. The results showed that 1) the net weight gain, average daily intake and weight ratio of ramie were not significant (P0.05), and the average daily gain of goats had significant interaction effect (P0.05).2) the content of ammonia nitrogen, total VFA content and acetic acid content in different processing treatment of ramie. There was no significant difference in the content of propionic acid, butyric acid and EPR (P0.05).3) the different processing treatments of ramie had significant interaction effect on the content of glutamic aminotransferase, urea, triglyceride and phosphorus in the blood (P0.05). The difference of the effects of Ramie processing on globulin and low density lipoprotein was significant (P0.05), all of which were ramie dry The grass treatment group was significantly higher than the ramie silage treatment group (P0.05). The effect of ramie fiber treatment on low density lipoprotein content was significantly different (P0.05), and the fiber treatment group was significantly greater than non fiber treatment group (P0.05).4) ramie processing and ramie fiber treatment to DM apparent digestibility, CP apparent digestibility, NDF apparent digestibility, ADF table. There was significant difference in the influence of the apparent digestibility (P0.05), the ramie hay was significantly greater than the ramie silage group (P0.05), and the ramie fiber treatment was significantly greater than the fiber group (P0.05). In addition, the ramie processing treatment had a significant influence on the apparent digestibility of Ash (P0.05), and the ramie hay treatment group was larger than the ramie green. The effect of different treatment methods on the slaughter performance of Ramie (P0.05.5) was not significant (P0.05).6). In the meat quality index, the effect of ramie fiber treatment on meat quality was greater, in which the PH for the muscle 45min was significantly greater than the ramie non fiber group (P0.05), and the 24h muscle PH was the opposite to the 45min, and the ramie did not go to the fiber. The group of the group was significantly greater than the ramie fiber group (P0.05). The muscle red degree a* and the Yellow degree b* in the two time point were significantly greater than the ramie non fiber group (P0.05), the brightness L* was opposite to the red a* and the Yellow degree b*, and the ramie non fiber group was significantly larger than the ramie fiber group (P0.05). The crude protein content and the partial amino acid content in the muscle were more than that of the ramie fiber group (P0.05). There was a significant difference in the content of some fatty acids (P0.05), and the fiber removal in Ramie was significantly higher than that in Ramie Fiber Group (P0.05).
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S827.5
[Abstract]:This subject mainly studies the utilization effect and utilization method of ramie in the production of mutton sheep. It provides reference for the rational utilization of ramie in the production of meat and sheep. It is divided into the following three parts: Test 1: the test of this experiment is to evaluate the feeding value of ramie leaf, ramie whole plant and Ramie by nylon bag method, respectively. In vitro gas production method was used to determine the dynamic gas production of ramie leaves, ramie whole plants and ramie 72 h, and to obtain gas production parameters, and the nylon bag test was carried out with the three kinds of raw materials mentioned above. The degradation rate of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid washing fiber (ADF) were measured, and the degradation parameters were obtained. The results showed that during the gas production test, the cumulative fermentation gas production and the maximum theoretical gas production were the highest at 72 h, significantly higher than that of Ramie (P0.05), ramie leaves, ramie leaves and ramie fiber ramie were not significant (P0.05), and the ramie fiber was the lowest. The degradation rate of DM, CP, NDF and ADF of ramie at 72 h was in turn from ramie to ramie, ramie, DM, NDF, NDF, ADF, and ramie, and ramie, and ramie, and ramie were the lowest. However, the effective degradation rate of CP showed the largest ramie plant, the middle ramie leaves, and the hemp fiber. According to the overall effective degradation rate, the utilization effect of ramie leaf and ramie whole plant is better than that of hemp fiber ramie. Test two: this experiment was added to the goat diet with different proportion of ramie hay as material, in order to explore the feeding effect and suitable amount of the goat in different proportion of ramie. 20 Liuyang black goats with good body weight and close weight were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 5 replicates in each group and 1 sheep for each. The control group did not add ramie T0 (24% rice straw +36% alfalfa) in basal diet, treated a group of T30 (24% rice straw +25.2% alfalfa +10.8% ramie), and treated two groups of T60 (24% rice straw +14.4% alfalfa +21.6% ramie) and treatment. Three groups of T100 (24% rice straw, alfalfa +36% ramie), 54 days in the test period, 14 days in the pre feeding period and 40 days in the positive feeding period, determine the growth performance of the goat, the index of gastric juice, the biochemical index of blood, the slaughter performance, the apparent digestibility of nutrient and the meat quality index. The results show that the average daily gain and average daily intake are T100T0T60T30, but the difference is no more than that of 1). Significantly (P0.05), the material weight ratio was T100TOT60T30, the difference was not significant (P0.05), the effect of feeding ramie alone was superior to the control group and alfalfa group.2 alone. Compared with the control group, the rumen nitrogen content, total VFA content, acetic acid, propionic acid and ethylene propylene ratio in group T30, T60 and T100 groups were not significantly different (P0.05), and the results were fed with cannabis and alfalfa rumen fermentation results. The effects of ramie hay on the content of urea and triglyceride in the blood were significantly different (P0.05), and the urea content in group T100 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), and the content of triglyceride in T60 and T100 groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).4), and the addition of ramie hay to the CP apparent digestibility, Ash apparent digestibility, NDF apparent digestibility and ADF were added to the diet of T60 and T100 groups. The apparent digestibility had a significant difference (P0.05). The apparent digestibility of the above indexes was T0T30T60T100.5). The effects of ramie hay on the slaughter rate, the visceral weight and the area of eye muscle were not significant (P0.05), and the effect of ramie hay on the meat quality indexes was not significant (P0.05). The difference was not significant (P0.05). The effect of ramie feeding goats and alfalfa fed goats was similar, although the apparent digestibility of nutrients was less than alfalfa, but it did not affect the growth performance of goats. Therefore, the effect of Ramie on goats was better. Experiment three: the effect of ramie feeding on different processing methods of ramie was discussed, and the ramie in the production of goats was studied. The experiment adopted 2 x 2 factor test design, factor 1 for ramie processing, divided into ramie silage and ramie hay, factor 2 for ramie fiber treatment, divided into hemp fiber and non hemp fiber. The experiment selected 32 Liuyang black goats with good body weight and similar weight, which were randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 replicates each group, and repeat 1 sheep in each group. Treatment 1 to remove ramie silage group SD after hemp fiber removal, treatment 2 is not to remove hemp fiber ramie silage group SF, treatment 3 to remove ramie hay group HD after hemp fiber treatment, treatment 4 is not to go to ramie hay group HF, test period 54 days, 14 days of pre feeding, 40 days in positive feeding period, determine the growth performance of goats, tumor gastric juice indexes, blood biochemical indexes, slaughter sex Ability, nutrient apparent digestibility and meat quality index. The results showed that 1) the net weight gain, average daily intake and weight ratio of ramie were not significant (P0.05), and the average daily gain of goats had significant interaction effect (P0.05).2) the content of ammonia nitrogen, total VFA content and acetic acid content in different processing treatment of ramie. There was no significant difference in the content of propionic acid, butyric acid and EPR (P0.05).3) the different processing treatments of ramie had significant interaction effect on the content of glutamic aminotransferase, urea, triglyceride and phosphorus in the blood (P0.05). The difference of the effects of Ramie processing on globulin and low density lipoprotein was significant (P0.05), all of which were ramie dry The grass treatment group was significantly higher than the ramie silage treatment group (P0.05). The effect of ramie fiber treatment on low density lipoprotein content was significantly different (P0.05), and the fiber treatment group was significantly greater than non fiber treatment group (P0.05).4) ramie processing and ramie fiber treatment to DM apparent digestibility, CP apparent digestibility, NDF apparent digestibility, ADF table. There was significant difference in the influence of the apparent digestibility (P0.05), the ramie hay was significantly greater than the ramie silage group (P0.05), and the ramie fiber treatment was significantly greater than the fiber group (P0.05). In addition, the ramie processing treatment had a significant influence on the apparent digestibility of Ash (P0.05), and the ramie hay treatment group was larger than the ramie green. The effect of different treatment methods on the slaughter performance of Ramie (P0.05.5) was not significant (P0.05).6). In the meat quality index, the effect of ramie fiber treatment on meat quality was greater, in which the PH for the muscle 45min was significantly greater than the ramie non fiber group (P0.05), and the 24h muscle PH was the opposite to the 45min, and the ramie did not go to the fiber. The group of the group was significantly greater than the ramie fiber group (P0.05). The muscle red degree a* and the Yellow degree b* in the two time point were significantly greater than the ramie non fiber group (P0.05), the brightness L* was opposite to the red a* and the Yellow degree b*, and the ramie non fiber group was significantly larger than the ramie fiber group (P0.05). The crude protein content and the partial amino acid content in the muscle were more than that of the ramie fiber group (P0.05). There was a significant difference in the content of some fatty acids (P0.05), and the fiber removal in Ramie was significantly higher than that in Ramie Fiber Group (P0.05).
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S827.5
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