笋壳饲料的资源化利用及其氰甙脱毒方法的研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 15:15

【摘要】：笋壳是农业废弃物,产量巨大,是一种潜在的非常规饲料资源。本文针对笋壳饲料的资源化利用及其氰甙脱毒技术开展研究,为笋壳饲料的开发利用提供理论依据与实践参考。对笋壳青贮发酵品质调制及其营养价值进行研究,结果表明:与鲜笋壳相比,干物质、粗蛋白与磷含量偏高,青贮笋壳含有丰富的干物质、粗蛋白与矿物质等营养成分,营养价值较高,是理想的青贮原料。相对于100%笋壳青贮发酵组的湖羊,10%麸皮与90%笋壳青贮发酵组的湖羊采食量多,增重较快,料重比下降,每公斤生长饲料成本降低1.61元。青贮笋壳的水分含量高,碳水化合物含量低,在进行青贮调制时笋壳在水分、干物质、粗蛋白与碳水化合物含量上可与麸皮、草粉相互补充。10%麸皮与90%笋壳组的营养价值与青贮发酵品质优于5%麸皮、5%草粉、90%笋壳组与100%笋壳组,达到优质青贮料标准。笋壳中含有氰甙,对笋壳氰甙含量测定及不同脱毒方法进行研究。结果表明,笋壳的氰甙含量平均为15.39 mg/kg;笋壳经青贮、烘干和水煮等脱毒处理后,氰甙含量均降低。其中,青贮可降低氰甙含量84.78%以上,烘干60 min后可降低氰甙含量56.52%以上,水煮60 min后可降低氰甙含量97.86%。随着处理时间的延长,笋壳经烘干与水煮后氰甙含量逐渐下降,脱毒率逐渐升高。3种脱毒方法中,以水煮法的氰甙脱毒效果最明显。对温度、pH及饲料调制对笋壳氰甙含量的影响进行研究,结果表明:随着温度的升高,笋壳氰甙脱毒率逐渐增大,在75°C时,笋壳氰甙脱毒率最大,可达51.27%;随着pH值的降低,笋壳氰甙含量逐渐下降,pH 3.0时,笋壳氰甙脱毒率可达46.45%,脱毒率最高,表明温度为75°C,pH 3.0时,笋壳的脱毒效果最明显。加酶组青贮笋壳的氰甙脱毒率显著高于不加酶组(P0.05),麸皮添加水平越高青贮笋壳氰甙脱毒率越大,当麸皮添加到15%时,笋壳青贮后氰甙脱毒率最大,表明在青贮笋壳中同时添加15%麸皮和纤维素酶氰甙脱毒效果最明显。
[Abstract]:Bamboo shoot hulls are agricultural wastes with huge output and a potential unconventional feed resource. In this paper, the resource utilization and cyanogen detoxification technology of bamboo shoot shell feed were studied, which provided the theoretical basis and practical reference for the development and utilization of bamboo shoot shell feed. The fermentation quality modulation and nutritional value of bamboo shoot shell silage were studied. The results showed that the content of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus was higher than that of fresh bamboo shoot shell, and the silage shell contained rich nutrients, such as dry matter, crude protein and minerals, etc. The nutrition value is high, it is the ideal silage raw material. Compared with 10% wheat bran of Hu sheep and 90% bamboo shell silage fermentation group, Hu sheep had more feed intake, faster weight gain, lower feed weight ratio and 1.61 yuan lower feed cost per kilogram than those of 100% bamboo shoot shell silage group and 90% bamboo shell silage fermentation group. The water content of silage bamboo shoot shell is high, the content of carbohydrate is low, and the bamboo shoot shell can be compared with wheat bran in water, dry matter, crude protein and carbohydrate content. The nutritive value and fermentation quality of straw powder supplemented with 10% wheat bran and 90% bamboo shoot shell group were better than that of 5% wheat bran 5% straw powder group and 100% shoot shell group, which reached the standard of high quality silage. The content of cyanogen glycoside in the shell of bamboo shoot was determined and the different detoxification methods were studied. The results showed that the average content of cyanogen in the shell was 15.39 mg / kg, and the content of cyanin in the shell decreased after detoxification, such as silage, drying and boiling. The content of cyanoside was reduced by 84.78% after silage, 56.52% by drying for 60 min, and 97.86% by boiling for 60 min. With the extension of treatment time, the content of cyanogen glucoside in the bamboo shoot shell decreased gradually after drying and boiling, and the detoxification rate increased gradually among the 3 kinds of detoxification methods, and the effect of cyanogen glycoside detoxification by water boiling method was the most obvious. The effects of temperature pH and feed modulation on the content of cyanoside were studied. The results showed that the detoxification rate increased gradually with the increase of temperature. At 75 掳C, the detoxification rate reached 51.27%, and with the decrease of pH value, the detoxification rate was 51.27%. When the content of cyanoside decreased gradually and pH 3.0, the detoxification rate was 46.45%, which indicated that the detoxification effect of bamboo shoot shell was the most obvious when the temperature was 75 掳C ~ (-1) pH 3.0. The detoxification rate of cyanoside in the silage shell of the enzyme group was significantly higher than that in the non-enzyme group (P0.05). The higher the level of wheat bran was, the greater the detoxification rate of the silage shell was. When the wheat bran was added to 15%, the detoxification rate of cyanoside was the highest after silage. The results showed that the detoxification effect of 15% wheat bran and cellulase cyanide was the most obvious in the silage shell.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816

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