荒漠草原不同群落类型土壤活性有机碳组分特征研究
发布时间：2018-07-25 19:36
【摘要】：宁夏东部荒漠草原是我国典型的生态脆弱区,受地理位置和恶略气候条件的影响,致使该区域土壤贫瘠、植被多样性匮乏。草地生态系统土壤物质循环和能量流动过程很大程度上受土壤碳库平衡的影响,因此土壤碳库特别是活性碳及其组分的研究对评价荒漠草原植被恢复效益、促进区域生态平衡具有重要意义。本研究选取四种不同植物群落为研究对象,研究不同群落类型土壤不同生境、不同土层有机碳及其活性组分、土壤理化性质以及土壤酶活性,并通过典型相关分析和简单相关分析来探讨土壤有机碳及其活性组分与酶活性之间的关系。主要研究结论如下:(1)不同群落类型土壤物理性质在不同生境(冠下,丛间)、不同土层(0-5、5-10、10-15cm)间未表现出显著差异,土壤化学性质指标(全氮、全磷和速效养分指标)随着土层深度的增加呈降低趋势即“表聚性”较为明显;在同一土层深度土壤理化性质在群落不同生境表现为:冠下丛间,体现了群落植物特殊空间形态结构特征对土壤养分蓄积的贡献作用。(2)不同群落类型土壤有机碳及其活性组分在群落不同生境,不同土层深度间的分布特征表现出差异性;土壤有机碳(SOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和易氧化有机碳(EOC)在灌木(柠条,沙蒿)群落同一土层深度表现为:冠下丛间,且随土层深度的增加而降低,而草本(短花针茅,蒙古冰草)群落在两种生境下则随土层深度的增加呈“V”形变化趋势,不同群落土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量则与之相反,表明土壤活性有机碳含量很大程度上取决于土壤有机碳含量的高低;整体上灌木群落土壤有机碳及其活性组分含量高于草本群落、这与群落捕获枯落物,强化碳源输入的能力以及根系分布特征有着密切关系。(3)不同群落类型土壤微生物量熵在灌木(柠条,沙蒿)群落冠下显著(P0.05)高于丛间,且在两种生境下随土层深度的增加而降低;灌木群落土壤有机碳活度在两种生境下随土层深度的增加而降低,且冠下丛间,而草本(短花针茅,蒙古冰草)群落土壤有机碳活度则在冠下随土层深度的加深呈“V”字形变化趋势,在丛间随土层深度的增加而降低。不同群落类型土壤有机碳活度范围为0.05-0.147,这与荒漠草原土壤活性有机碳含量较低,转化速率相对较慢有关。(4)不同群落类型土壤蔗糖酶活性在两种生境(冠下,丛间)下的分布特征具有一致性,即随土层深度的增加而降低。土壤脲酶活性在不同群落生境处均表现为:冠下丛间。油蒿、短花针茅和蒙古冰草群落土壤碱性磷酸酶在两种生境下随土层深度的增加而显著降低(P0.05),而柠条群落则与之相反。土壤酶活性在群落不同生境、不同土层间的差异性说明土壤酶对于群落微土壤环境变化的响应较为敏感。(5)土壤活性有机碳与酶活性及土壤性质的典范分析表明:土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性的高低受土壤MBC、DOC含量大小影响显著,受土壤EOC的影响不明显;土壤全磷、速效磷含量的大小显著影响碱性磷酸酶的活性。简单相关分析表明,土壤有机碳活性组分受土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响较大,而土壤养分对酶活性的变化影响程度的大小与养分的种类有关,但各养分均与酶活性显著相关。
[Abstract]:The desert grassland in the eastern part of Ningxia is a typical ecological fragile area in China, which is affected by geographical location and bad climate conditions, resulting in the poor soil and lack of vegetation diversity. The soil carbon storage and energy flow process in the grassland ecosystem are largely influenced by the balance of soil carbon pool, so the soil carbon pool is especially active carbon and its soil carbon pool. The study of components is of great significance to evaluating the benefit of vegetation restoration in desert grassland and promoting regional ecological balance. In this study, four different plant communities were selected as the research objects, and the soil organic carbon and its active components in different soil layers, soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity were studied in different community types. Analysis and simple correlation analysis to explore the relationship between soil organic carbon and its active components and enzyme activities. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there is no significant difference in soil physical properties between different habitats (under crowns, interplexuses) and different soil layers (0-5,5-10,10-15cm), and the soil chemical properties (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and quick effect) With the increase of soil depth, the trend of "surface accumulation" is more obvious, and the physical and chemical properties of soil depth in the same soil layer are manifested in the different habitats of the community: the special spatial morphological and structural characteristics of the community plants represent the contribution to the accumulation of soil nutrients. (2) the soil organic carbon in different community types and the different types of soil organic carbon, The distribution characteristics of the active components in different habitats of the community are different. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) in shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community are in the same depth as the same soil layer, which decreases with the increase of soil depth, while herb (Stipa short, Mongolia ice grass) The community in two habitats showed a "V" change trend with the increase of soil depth, and the content of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC) in different communities was the opposite, indicating that the content of soil active organic carbon was largely determined by the content of soil organic carbon, and the content of soil organic carbon and its active components in the whole tree community was higher than that of grass. This community has a close relationship with the colony's capture of litter, the ability to strengthen the input of carbon source and the characteristics of the root distribution. (3) the soil microbial biomass entropy in the shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community is significantly higher than that of the shrub (P0.05), and decreases with the increase of soil depth in the two habitats; the soil organic carbon activity in the shrub community The degree of soil organic carbon activity in the herbaceous (Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass) community was "V", which decreased with the depth of soil layer under the crown, and the soil organic carbon activity range of different community types was 0.05-0.14. 7, the content of active organic carbon in the desert grassland is relatively low and the conversion rate is relatively slow. (4) the distribution characteristics of invertase activity under the two habitats (under the crown, interplexus) of different community types are consistent, that is, with the increase of soil depth. Soil alkaline phosphatase in Artemisia Artemisia, Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass communities decreased significantly in two habitats (P0.05), while Caragana community was opposite. The difference between soil enzyme activity in different habitats and different soil layers showed that soil enzyme was sensitive to the response of soil microsoil environment change. (5) soil The model analysis of active organic carbon and enzyme activity and soil properties showed that the activity of soil invertase and urease was significantly affected by the content of soil MBC, DOC, and not affected by soil EOC; the total phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus significantly affected the viability of alkaline phosphatase. Simple correlation analysis showed that the active component of soil organic carbon was the simple correlation analysis. The influence of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity is great, and the influence degree of soil nutrient on the activity of enzyme is related to the species of nutrient, but the nutrients are significantly related to the enzyme activity.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.2
本文编号：2144857
[Abstract]:The desert grassland in the eastern part of Ningxia is a typical ecological fragile area in China, which is affected by geographical location and bad climate conditions, resulting in the poor soil and lack of vegetation diversity. The soil carbon storage and energy flow process in the grassland ecosystem are largely influenced by the balance of soil carbon pool, so the soil carbon pool is especially active carbon and its soil carbon pool. The study of components is of great significance to evaluating the benefit of vegetation restoration in desert grassland and promoting regional ecological balance. In this study, four different plant communities were selected as the research objects, and the soil organic carbon and its active components in different soil layers, soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity were studied in different community types. Analysis and simple correlation analysis to explore the relationship between soil organic carbon and its active components and enzyme activities. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) there is no significant difference in soil physical properties between different habitats (under crowns, interplexuses) and different soil layers (0-5,5-10,10-15cm), and the soil chemical properties (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and quick effect) With the increase of soil depth, the trend of "surface accumulation" is more obvious, and the physical and chemical properties of soil depth in the same soil layer are manifested in the different habitats of the community: the special spatial morphological and structural characteristics of the community plants represent the contribution to the accumulation of soil nutrients. (2) the soil organic carbon in different community types and the different types of soil organic carbon, The distribution characteristics of the active components in different habitats of the community are different. Soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) in shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community are in the same depth as the same soil layer, which decreases with the increase of soil depth, while herb (Stipa short, Mongolia ice grass) The community in two habitats showed a "V" change trend with the increase of soil depth, and the content of soil soluble organic carbon (DOC) in different communities was the opposite, indicating that the content of soil active organic carbon was largely determined by the content of soil organic carbon, and the content of soil organic carbon and its active components in the whole tree community was higher than that of grass. This community has a close relationship with the colony's capture of litter, the ability to strengthen the input of carbon source and the characteristics of the root distribution. (3) the soil microbial biomass entropy in the shrubs (Caragana Caragana, Artemisia Artemisia) community is significantly higher than that of the shrub (P0.05), and decreases with the increase of soil depth in the two habitats; the soil organic carbon activity in the shrub community The degree of soil organic carbon activity in the herbaceous (Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass) community was "V", which decreased with the depth of soil layer under the crown, and the soil organic carbon activity range of different community types was 0.05-0.14. 7, the content of active organic carbon in the desert grassland is relatively low and the conversion rate is relatively slow. (4) the distribution characteristics of invertase activity under the two habitats (under the crown, interplexus) of different community types are consistent, that is, with the increase of soil depth. Soil alkaline phosphatase in Artemisia Artemisia, Stipa short and Mongolia ice grass communities decreased significantly in two habitats (P0.05), while Caragana community was opposite. The difference between soil enzyme activity in different habitats and different soil layers showed that soil enzyme was sensitive to the response of soil microsoil environment change. (5) soil The model analysis of active organic carbon and enzyme activity and soil properties showed that the activity of soil invertase and urease was significantly affected by the content of soil MBC, DOC, and not affected by soil EOC; the total phosphorus and the content of available phosphorus significantly affected the viability of alkaline phosphatase. Simple correlation analysis showed that the active component of soil organic carbon was the simple correlation analysis. The influence of soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity is great, and the influence degree of soil nutrient on the activity of enzyme is related to the species of nutrient, but the nutrients are significantly related to the enzyme activity.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812.2
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