油菜收割后晾晒和青贮对营养价值的影响与青贮油菜饲喂奶水牛试验研究
发布时间：2018-07-30 08:39
【摘要】：水牛具有耐粗饲、耐湿热、抗病力强的特性,应用粗饲料可生产优质的奶和肉畜产品。湖北是油菜产量最大的省份,随着产量增多,特别在丰收年份,价格下降,致使农民“丰产不丰收”。为了提高农民收入,农业部号召各省进行农业供给侧结构改革,即“粮改饲”、“油改饲”。为了充分利用当地资源,开发水牛粗饲料资源,推进“油改饲”进程,本研究将收割后的全株油菜进行窖贮保存,通过瘤胃代谢实验、饲养试验,对油菜进行饲料化利用处理,探索晾晒天数对油菜水分及营养物质的影响,探讨全株油菜青贮的保存效果及其营养价值和饲用价值,为设计油菜保存和利用方法提供实验依据。主要研究内容和结果如下:1.油菜收割后晾晒天数对营养成分的影响根据湖北气候特点,在气温15~27℃条件下,选择连续5日均为晴天的时期,采用几何法从五个点割倒油菜,分别晾晒1d、2d、3d和4d,分析日晒天数对油菜营养物质的影响,为全株油菜适时青贮提供技术依据。结果表明:(1)田间收割晾晒2d,水分降至74.69%,符合青贮油菜对水分的要求。(2)油菜刈割后晾晒1~4天,粗蛋白(CP)含量降低,但降低程度与晾晒天数无关;粗脂肪(EE)有升高的趋势;粗纤维(CF)有降低趋势,其中中性洗涤纤维(NDF)降低明显,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)变化不大。2.全株油菜高水分窖贮的保存效果及窖贮时间对营养物质瘤胃降解的影响在含水量为85%的60吨油菜中添加4吨干稻草,然后窖贮30d、45d、60d、75d和90d后,五点采样,进行感官评定、营养价值评定和瘤胃消化实验,确定混合青贮的适宜开窖时间。(1)感观评定结果表明:窖贮30~60d的油菜,pH值维持在3.8~4.2,色泽呈亮黄色,与原料色泽相近,气味酸香,质地松软不黏手。(2)营养成分测定结果表明:窖贮45d的油菜,粗蛋白(CP)含量最高,占干物质的13.2%,比青贮前(0d)提高31.6%;粗脂肪有升高趋势;粗纤维变化不明显;其中酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)变化差异不大,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)有升高趋势。(3)瘤胃降解试验结果表明:窖贮30d的油菜,干物质(DM)、粗纤维(CF)瘤胃降解率最高;粗蛋白变化不明显;窖贮90d的油菜,粗脂肪(EE)瘤胃降解率最高。综合评定各项指标,认为全株油菜高水分青贮应在30~60d间进行开窖饲喂,营养价值及消化率最高。3.全株青贮油菜饲喂泌乳水牛及其对采食量、日产奶量、鲜乳成分的影响选择胎次、产奶量、泌乳期基本一致、体质健康的泌乳水牛28头,按照配对实验分组,每组7头。TMR日粮中分别添加10%、20%、30%(以干物质计算)的青贮油菜,进行60d的饲喂实验。结果表明:TMR日粮中添加10%的青贮油菜能发挥水牛最大的生产性能。
[Abstract]:Buffalo has the characteristics of high tolerance to coarse feed, moisture and heat, and strong disease resistance. The high quality milk and meat and animal products can be produced by the use of roughage. Hubei is the most productive province of rapeseed. With the increase of yield, especially in the year of harvest, the price of rape drops, which results in farmers'"high yield and no good harvest". In order to improve farmers' income, the Ministry of Agriculture called on the provinces to reform the supply-side structure of agriculture, that is, "changing grain to feed" and "oil to feed". In order to make full use of local resources, develop the crude feed resources of buffalo, and promote the process of "oil conversion", the whole rape after harvest was stored in cellar and treated by rumen metabolism experiment and feeding experiment. To explore the effect of drying days on the moisture and nutrients of rapeseed, and to explore the conservation effect, nutritional value and feeding value of whole rape silage, and to provide experimental basis for designing the method of rape preservation and utilization. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. Effects of days of drying on nutrients of rape after harvest according to the climatic characteristics of Hubei Province, under the condition of 1527 鈩，
本文编号：2154442
[Abstract]:Buffalo has the characteristics of high tolerance to coarse feed, moisture and heat, and strong disease resistance. The high quality milk and meat and animal products can be produced by the use of roughage. Hubei is the most productive province of rapeseed. With the increase of yield, especially in the year of harvest, the price of rape drops, which results in farmers'"high yield and no good harvest". In order to improve farmers' income, the Ministry of Agriculture called on the provinces to reform the supply-side structure of agriculture, that is, "changing grain to feed" and "oil to feed". In order to make full use of local resources, develop the crude feed resources of buffalo, and promote the process of "oil conversion", the whole rape after harvest was stored in cellar and treated by rumen metabolism experiment and feeding experiment. To explore the effect of drying days on the moisture and nutrients of rapeseed, and to explore the conservation effect, nutritional value and feeding value of whole rape silage, and to provide experimental basis for designing the method of rape preservation and utilization. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. Effects of days of drying on nutrients of rape after harvest according to the climatic characteristics of Hubei Province, under the condition of 1527 鈩，
本文编号：2154442
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