阴外动脉灌注氨基酸和脂肪酸对奶牛乳腺蛋白质合成和氨基酸摄取规律的影响
发布时间：2018-08-03 07:09
【摘要】：本试验利用血插管技术,通过对低精料玉米秸秆(CS组)日粮模式的奶牛阴外动脉分别灌注氨基酸和脂肪酸,研究其对泌乳性能、动脉血中氨基酸的浓度以及乳腺对氨基酸摄取规律的影响,探讨了以玉米秸秆为主要粗饲料的日粮模式其产奶量、乳蛋白产量低下的原因是否与阴外动脉血中外源供给的乳蛋白前体物浓度的差异有关,研究结果为科学合理地利用秸秆粗饲料提供理论依据。试验将8头体况良好、体重相近、泌乳期(99±11 d)、产奶量(20.17±1.28 kg/d)、经产的荷斯坦奶牛分成两组,每组4头。试验采用2×2交叉试验设计。在两种不同粗饲料模式(低精料玉米秸秆日粮模式CS,混合粗饲料日粮模式MF)下,CS组分别灌注载体(C)、氨基酸(AA)和脂肪酸(FA),MF组只灌注C。试验分2个阶段进行,第一阶段预饲期14天,灌注期9天。第二阶段CS组试验动物与MF组互换,处理方法同第一阶段。每个灌注期的后两天采集乳样和血样,分析研究氨基酸和脂肪酸灌注对乳腺内氨基酸摄取规律的影响。试验分为三个部分：试验一主要研究了阴外动脉灌注氨基酸和脂肪酸对奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白产量和乳蛋白率的影响。试验二主要研究了阴外动脉灌注氨基酸和脂肪酸对奶牛尾动脉氨基酸浓度及比例的影响。试验三主要研究了阴外动脉灌注氨基酸和脂肪酸对奶牛乳腺氨基酸摄取效率的影响。在本试验条件下得出：(1)CS组奶牛阴外动脉灌注氨基酸,可显著提高乳蛋白率和乳中的总氨基酸(TAA),支链氨基酸(BCAA)、限制性氨基酸(LAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和非必需氨基酸(NEA AA)含量；在产奶量、标准乳产量和乳蛋白产量方面可以减小与MF组的差距,但仍然显著或趋于显著地低于MF组。(2)CS组奶牛阴外动脉灌注脂肪酸,可以提高乳蛋白率和乳蛋白合成效率,但对乳中氨基酸的浓度没有显著影响；在产奶量、标准乳产量和乳蛋白产量方面可以减小与MF组的差距,但仍然显著或趋于显著地低于MF组。(3)CS组奶牛阴外动脉灌注氨基酸可以显著提高尾动脉血浆中TAA、EAA、 NEAA、BCAA以及Asp、Ser、Ala、Leu、Lys、His、Glu和Ile等FAA的浓度。可显著或趋于显著地提高血流量和氨基酸的日供给量,但显著降低了乳腺对氨基酸的摄取效率。(4)CS组奶牛阴外动脉灌注脂肪酸可显著或趋于显著地降低尾动脉血浆中TAA、EAA、LAA的含量；乳腺血流量和日供给量有显著升高的趋势,各AA动静脉浓度差有下降的趋势,且EAA和LAA显著降低,但对乳腺氨基酸的摄取效率和摄取量影响较小。(5)CS组奶牛阴外动脉血中氨基酸的浓度低下、氨基酸的日供给量不足和氨基酸动静脉浓度差较高可能是导致产奶量和乳蛋白产量低于MF组的主要原因。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the blood intubation technique was used to study the lactating performance of dairy cows fed with low concentrate corn straw (CS) diet model by injecting amino acids and fatty acids into the external vaginal arteries, respectively. The effect of amino acid concentration in arterial blood and mammary gland on amino acid uptake was studied. Whether the reason of low milk protein production is related to the difference of the concentration of milk protein precursor supplied by external blood of external yin artery, the research results provide the theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable use of straw forage. Eight Holstein cows were divided into two groups, four in each group, with good body condition and similar body weight, milk yield (20.17 卤1.28 kg/d) during lactation period (99 卤11 d),). The test was designed by 2 脳 2 cross-test. Under two different forage patterns (low concentrate corn straw diet CSA, mixed forage diet MF), the CS group was infused with carrier (C), amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) (FA) MF respectively. The experiment was divided into two stages, the first stage prefeeding period 14 days, the perfusion period 9 days. In the second stage, CS group was interchanged with MF group, and the treatment method was the same as that in the first stage. Milk and blood samples were collected two days after each perfusion period to study the effect of amino acid and fatty acid perfusion on amino acid uptake in mammary gland. The experiment was divided into three parts: experiment 1 studied the effects of amino acid and fatty acid on milk yield, protein yield and milk protein rate of dairy cows. The effect of amino acid and fatty acid on the concentration and proportion of amino acid in caudal artery of dairy cattle was studied in experiment 2. The effect of amino acid and fatty acid infusion on amino acid uptake efficiency in dairy cow breast was studied in experiment 3. The results showed that: (1) the milk protein rate and the contents of total amino acid (TAA), branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), restricted amino acid (LAA), essential amino acid (EAA) and non-essential amino acid (NEA AA) were significantly increased in CS group. In milk yield, standard milk yield and milk protein yield, the difference between MF group and standard milk yield could be reduced, but it was still significantly lower than that in MF group. (2) Fatty acid infusion by external vaginal artery in CS group could improve milk protein rate and milk protein synthesis efficiency. But there was no significant effect on the concentration of amino acids in milk, and the difference between MF group and milk yield, standard milk yield and milk protein yield was reduced. (3) Amino acid infusion into the external vaginal artery of CS group could significantly increase the concentration of FAA such as TAA EAA, NEA ANAA and Ile in caudal artery plasma of dairy cattle in CS group, but it was still significantly lower than that in MF group. (3) the concentration of FAA in caudal artery plasma was significantly increased in CSA group than in MF group. (3) the concentration of FAA in caudal artery plasma was significantly increased in CS group. The daily supply of amino acids and blood flow was significantly increased or tended to be increased, but the intake efficiency of amino acids was significantly decreased in the breast. (4) in CS group, the content of TAA EAALAA in caudal artery plasma decreased significantly or tended to decrease significantly. The mammary blood flow and daily supply volume increased significantly, and the difference of AA arteriovenous concentration decreased, and EAA and LAA decreased significantly. However, there was little effect on the intake efficiency and intake of amino acids in breast. (5) the concentration of amino acids in extravaginal arterial blood was lower in CS group. The deficiency of daily supply of amino acids and the high concentration difference of amino acids may be the main reasons of milk yield and milk protein production lower than those of MF group.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5
本文编号：2160983
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the blood intubation technique was used to study the lactating performance of dairy cows fed with low concentrate corn straw (CS) diet model by injecting amino acids and fatty acids into the external vaginal arteries, respectively. The effect of amino acid concentration in arterial blood and mammary gland on amino acid uptake was studied. Whether the reason of low milk protein production is related to the difference of the concentration of milk protein precursor supplied by external blood of external yin artery, the research results provide the theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable use of straw forage. Eight Holstein cows were divided into two groups, four in each group, with good body condition and similar body weight, milk yield (20.17 卤1.28 kg/d) during lactation period (99 卤11 d),). The test was designed by 2 脳 2 cross-test. Under two different forage patterns (low concentrate corn straw diet CSA, mixed forage diet MF), the CS group was infused with carrier (C), amino acid (AA) and fatty acid (FA) (FA) MF respectively. The experiment was divided into two stages, the first stage prefeeding period 14 days, the perfusion period 9 days. In the second stage, CS group was interchanged with MF group, and the treatment method was the same as that in the first stage. Milk and blood samples were collected two days after each perfusion period to study the effect of amino acid and fatty acid perfusion on amino acid uptake in mammary gland. The experiment was divided into three parts: experiment 1 studied the effects of amino acid and fatty acid on milk yield, protein yield and milk protein rate of dairy cows. The effect of amino acid and fatty acid on the concentration and proportion of amino acid in caudal artery of dairy cattle was studied in experiment 2. The effect of amino acid and fatty acid infusion on amino acid uptake efficiency in dairy cow breast was studied in experiment 3. The results showed that: (1) the milk protein rate and the contents of total amino acid (TAA), branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), restricted amino acid (LAA), essential amino acid (EAA) and non-essential amino acid (NEA AA) were significantly increased in CS group. In milk yield, standard milk yield and milk protein yield, the difference between MF group and standard milk yield could be reduced, but it was still significantly lower than that in MF group. (2) Fatty acid infusion by external vaginal artery in CS group could improve milk protein rate and milk protein synthesis efficiency. But there was no significant effect on the concentration of amino acids in milk, and the difference between MF group and milk yield, standard milk yield and milk protein yield was reduced. (3) Amino acid infusion into the external vaginal artery of CS group could significantly increase the concentration of FAA such as TAA EAA, NEA ANAA and Ile in caudal artery plasma of dairy cattle in CS group, but it was still significantly lower than that in MF group. (3) the concentration of FAA in caudal artery plasma was significantly increased in CSA group than in MF group. (3) the concentration of FAA in caudal artery plasma was significantly increased in CS group. The daily supply of amino acids and blood flow was significantly increased or tended to be increased, but the intake efficiency of amino acids was significantly decreased in the breast. (4) in CS group, the content of TAA EAALAA in caudal artery plasma decreased significantly or tended to decrease significantly. The mammary blood flow and daily supply volume increased significantly, and the difference of AA arteriovenous concentration decreased, and EAA and LAA decreased significantly. However, there was little effect on the intake efficiency and intake of amino acids in breast. (5) the concentration of amino acids in extravaginal arterial blood was lower in CS group. The deficiency of daily supply of amino acids and the high concentration difference of amino acids may be the main reasons of milk yield and milk protein production lower than those of MF group.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823.5
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