过瘤胃甜菜碱对湖羊生长性能和体脂肪沉积调控的研究
发布时间：2018-08-03 09:33
【摘要】：我国是养羊大国,羊肉市场巨大,羊肉每年总产量在世界羊肉总产量中都占据重要的地位。近年来,随着国内消费能力的提高,消费者更加注重羊肉品质。肌内脂肪作为评判肉品质的一个重要因素,能够直接影响羊肉的嫩度、多汁性、以及风味等与肉品质相关的感官评价指标,因而提高肌内脂肪含量和分布可以改善肉品质,提高羔羊肉的食用品质。甜菜碱作为甲基供体,能够提供用于机体内合成肉碱、肌酸等物质的甲基,并且具有调整家禽脂肪分布、提高育肥猪肌内脂肪含量,提高肌肉大理石纹评分的作用。本试验旨在研究过瘤胃甜菜碱对3-5月龄以及9-10月龄不同生长阶段湖羊的生产性能以及脂肪沉积的影响,为生产上进行肉羊修饰育肥提供理论和基础数据。研究内容主要包括:试验一、饲粮中添加过瘤胃甜菜碱对3-5月龄湖羊生长性能和体脂肪沉积的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,研究日粮中添加过瘤胃甜菜碱对3-5月龄湖羊公羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积等指标的影响。试验选用24只体重21.74±2.54 kg的湖羊公羔,随机分成3组,分别为对照组,甜菜碱(Betaine,Bet)组和过瘤胃甜菜碱(Rumen protected betaine,RPB)组,每组8只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Bet组饲喂在基础饲粮干物质(Dry matter,DM)基础上添加1.6 g/kg Bet的试验饲粮,RPB组饲喂在基础饲粮DM基础上添加2.9 g/kgRPB的试验饲粮。试验预饲期7天,正饲期61天。研究结果发现:1)添加Bet和RPB对于生长性能各指标没有显著的影响(P0.05)。2)RPB组的瘤胃pH值显著高于对照组和Bet组(P0.05),添加Bet有提高总VFA浓度的趋势(0.05P0.10),Bet组的乙酸比例和乙丙比显著高于对照组和RPB组(P0.05),而对于NH3-N浓度、丙酸和丁酸的比例差异不显著(P0.05)。3)添加Bet和RPB对血液生化指标以及血液中的脂代谢激素含量没有显著的差异(P0.05)。4)添加Bet和RPB对各种养分的表观消化率均没有显著的影响(P0.05)。5)日粮中添加Bet和RPB除能极显著影响瘤胃比例(P0.01)外,对屠宰性能及其余的器官指数没有显著的影响(P0.05)。6)对于背最长肌,添加Bet和RPB极显著降低失水率,且极显著提高肉色a(P0.01)。RPB组的剪切力显著低于对照组和Bet组(P0.05);对于臀中肌,RPB组的剪切力最低,显著低于Bet组(P0.05)。Bet组pH24h显著高于其他组(P0.05),而RPB组肉色a极显著高于其他组(P0.01);对于股外侧肌,各项肉品质指标差异不显著(P0.05)。通过肉品质指标标准化评分可得,对照组背最长肌肉质最差,RPB组肌肉肉质最好,尤其是背最长肌肉。7)添加Bet和RPB对背膘厚度、腹脂重、肾周脂肪重、肌内脂肪含量没有显著的影响(P0.05)。8)对于背最长肌的脂肪酸组成,Bet组的C16:0和C16:1N7的比例显著低于其他组(P0.05),而C17:0的比例显著高于对照组(P0.05)。RPB组C20:2的比例显著低于对照组(P0.05),而C20:3N3显著低于Bet组(P0.05)。添加RPB显著降低PUFA的比例(P0.05),且具有降低n-6PUFA的趋势(0.05P0.10)。相比于Bet组,RPB组n-3 PUFA的比例以及PUFA/SFA显著降低(P0.05)。试验二、饲粮中添加过瘤胃甜菜碱对9-10月龄湖羊生长性能和体脂肪沉积的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组试验设计,研究日粮中添加过瘤胃甜菜碱对9-10月龄湖羊公羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和脂肪沉积等指标的影响。试验选用15只体重45.91±4.39 kg的湖羊公羔,随机分成3组,分别为对照组,Bet组和RPB组,每组5只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Bet组饲喂在基础饲粮DM基础上添加1.6 g/kg Bet的试验饲粮,RPB组饲喂在基础饲粮DM基础上添加2.9 g/kg RPB的试验饲粮。试验预饲期7天,正饲期35天。研究结果发现:1)添加Bet和RPB对生长性能各指标没有显著的影响(P0.05)。2)添加Bet和RPB可以显著增加乙酸比例(P0.05),并且RPB可以显著增加丙酸比例(P0.05),各试验组之间氨氮浓度、pH、总挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丁酸比例及乙丙比都无显著差异(P0.05)。3)RPB血清中Urea含量显著高于对照组和Bet(P0.05)。与对照组相比,Bet组和RPB组CHO有显著升高的趋势(0.05P0.10),B组与RPB组HDL显著高于对照组(P0.05)。但是Bet和RPB对血液中白蛋白、总蛋白、葡萄糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇作用不显著(P0.05)。4)添加Bet和RPB对CP、DM、OM和EE种养分的消化率均无显著的影响(P0.05)。但是Bet组NDF、ADF有显著升高的趋势(0.05P0.10)。5)RPB有增加试验羊屠宰率的趋势(0.05P0.10),并且RPB可以极显著降低后腿重(P0.01),Bet和RPB都可以显著增加网胃重(P0.05),但是Bet和RPB对其他屠宰性能指标及其他器官指数均无显著的影响(P0.05)6)与对照组和Bet相比,RPB组臀中肌pH24h有显著增高的趋势(0.05P0.10),但是添加Bet和RPB对其他肉品质均无显著变化(P0.05)7)RPB组内脂率显著高于Bet组(P0.05),且RPB组有显著升高皮下脂肪重的趋势(0.05P0.10);各组之间背膘厚、腹脂重、内脏脂肪重、尾重和IMF含量等脂肪沉积指标差异不显著(P0.05)。8)RPBt可以显著提高棕檩油酸C16:1N7(P0.05),但Bet和RPB对其他脂肪酸均无显著影响(P0.05)。结论:1)在3-5月龄阶段,Bet和RPB都可以促进瘤胃的发育,并且有改善湖羊肉质的作用,且RPB可以在一定程度上提高此阶段湖羊背最长肌肌内脂肪的含量,Bet可以显著降低腹脂占胴体重比例。2)在9-10月龄阶段,RPB有显著增加屠宰率的趋势,并且Bet和RPB都可以在一定程度上重新分配脂肪的分布,增加背最长肌肌内脂肪含量和机体总脂肪含量,但对肉品质无显著影响。3)综上:在3-5月龄幼龄阶段添加RPB更适宜调控肉品质和改善胴体脂肪分布,是生产中利用RPB进行湖羊修饰育肥的有效时期。
[Abstract]:China is a big sheep big country, mutton market is huge, and the annual total output of mutton occupies an important position in the total production of mutton in the world. In recent years, with the improvement of domestic consumption ability, consumers pay more attention to the quality of mutton. As an important factor in judging meat quality, intramuscular fat can directly affect the tenderness, juicy, and the meat of mutton. Flavor and other sensory evaluation indexes related to meat quality, thus increasing the content and distribution of intramuscular fat can improve the meat quality and improve the eating quality of lamb. As a methyl donor, betaine can provide methyl for the synthesis of carnitine, creatine and other substances in the body, and can adjust the distribution of fowl fat and improve the intramuscular fat of fattening pigs. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of ruminal betaine on the production performance and the fat deposition of sheep in 3-5 months and 9-10 months of age, and to provide theoretical and basic data for the production of mutton fattening. Effects of rumen betaine on growth performance and body fat deposition in 3-5 month old lake sheep. The experiment was designed to study the effects of ruminal betaine on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and fat deposition in the diet of 3-5 month old lake sheep with single factor randomized block trial. 24 lakes with weight of 21.74 + 2.54 kg were selected in the experiment. Sheep lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the Betaine (Bet) group and the Rumen protected betaine (RPB) group, each group, and the control group fed the basal diet. The Bet group fed on the basic diet dry matter (Dry matter, DM) on the basis of the Dry matter (DM) and added 1.6 g/kg Bet. Experimental diet supplemented with 2.9 g/kgRPB for 7 days and 61 days in positive feeding period. The results showed that 1) the addition of Bet and RPB had no significant effect on the growth performance (P0.05).2) the pH value of the rumen of the RPB group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the Bet group (P0.05), and the addition of Bet was the trend to increase the total VFA concentration, the proportion of acetic acid and the ethylene propylene (EPR) in the group. Compared with the control group and the RPB group (P0.05), there was no significant difference in the proportion of NH3-N, propionic acid and butyric acid (P0.05).3). There was no significant difference between Bet and RPB on blood biochemical indexes and the content of lipid metabolic hormones in blood (P0.05).4) adding Bet and RPB on the apparent digestibility of various nutrients (P0.05). The addition of Bet and RPB in the diet significantly affected the rumen ratio (P0.01), and had no significant effect on the slaughter performance and the remaining organ index (P0.05).6). For the longest muscle of the dorsi, the addition of Bet and RPB significantly decreased the loss of water, and significantly increased the shear force of the meat a (P0.01).RPB group significantly lower than that of the control group and Bet group (P0.05); for the buttocks. The shear force of the muscle, RPB group was the lowest, significantly lower than the group Bet (P0.05).Bet group pH24h significantly higher than the other groups (P0.05), while the RPB group was significantly higher than the other groups (P0.01); for the lateral femoris, the meat quality index difference was not significant (P0.05). The longest muscle mass of the control group was the worst, RPB group muscle meat. The quality was best, especially the longest muscle.7 in the back. Bet and RPB were added to the back fat thickness, abdominal fat weight, peri renal fat weight, and intramuscular fat content (P0.05).8). The proportion of C16:0 and C16:1N7 in the Bet group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P0.05), while the ratio of C17:0 was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).RPB group. The proportion of C20:3N3 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), but the proportion of RPB was significantly lower than that of the Bet group (P0.05). The proportion of PUFA decreased significantly (P0.05) and the trend of n-6PUFA decreased (0.05P0.10). Compared to the Bet group, the RPB group n-3 percentage and decreased significantly. Two, the diet of ruminal betaine was added to the 9-10 month old lake sheep. Effects of long performance and body fat deposition. The experiment was designed to study the effects of ruminal betaine on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and fat deposition in 9-10 months old lake lamb with single factor randomized block test. 15 sheep lambs with weight of 45.91 + 4.39 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively. The control group, Bet group and RPB group, 5 in each group, the control group fed the basal diet, the Bet group fed the basal diet DM on the basis of the diet of 1.6 g/kg Bet, and the RPB group fed the experimental diet with 2.9 g/kg RPB on the basis of the basal diet DM. The experimental pre feeding period was 7 days, and the positive feeding period was 35 days. The results were found as follows: Bet and RPB were added to the growth performance. The index did not significantly affect (P0.05).2) adding Bet and RPB can significantly increase the proportion of acetic acid (P0.05), and RPB can significantly increase the ratio of propionic acid (P0.05). There is no significant difference between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration and the proportion of butyric acid and EPR (P0.05).3) between the experimental groups (P0.05).3) RPB serum Urea content is significantly higher than the control group and the control group. Bet (P0.05). Compared with the control group, CHO in Bet group and RPB group increased significantly (0.05P0.10). HDL in B group and RPB group was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05). But Bet and RPB were added to the blood albumin, total protein, glucose, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was no significant effect (P0.05). But the trend of NDF and ADF in group Bet was significantly higher (0.05P0.10).5) RPB had a tendency to increase the slaughter rate of sheep (0.05P0.10), and RPB significantly reduced the weight of the hind legs (P0.01). Bet and RPB could significantly increase the weight of the stomach, but they were used for other slaughter performance indicators and other organs. There was no significant effect (P0.05) 6) 6) compared with the control group and Bet, the pH24h of the gluteus medius in the RPB group was significantly higher (0.05P0.10), but the addition of Bet and RPB had no significant changes in the other meat quality (P0.05) 7) in the RPB group, the lipid rate in the RPB group was significantly higher than that in the Bet group (P0.05), and the tendency to increase the fat weight of the subcutaneous fat in the RPB group was significantly higher than that in the RPB group; Thickness, abdominal fat weight, visceral fat weight, tail weight and IMF content were not significantly different (P0.05).8) RPBt can significantly improve the brown purlin oleic acid C16:1N7 (P0.05), but Bet and RPB have no significant effect on other fatty acids (P0.05). Conclusion: 1) in the 3-5 month age, Bet and RPB can promote the development of rumen, and improve the meat quality of lake sheep. Effect, and RPB can improve the content of intramuscular fat in the longest muscle of sheep back to a certain extent, Bet can significantly reduce the proportion of abdominal fat to the carcass weight of.2) in the 9-10 months of age, RPB has a significant increase in slaughter rate, and Bet and RPB can redistribute the fat distribution to a certain extent and increase the intramuscular fat of the dorsi dorsi muscle. Content and total body fat content, but no significant effect on meat quality.3) comprehensively: adding RPB at the young age of 3-5 months is more suitable for regulating meat quality and improving the carcass fat distribution, which is an effective period for the use of RPB to modify the fattening of the sheep.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826.5
本文编号：2161328
[Abstract]:China is a big sheep big country, mutton market is huge, and the annual total output of mutton occupies an important position in the total production of mutton in the world. In recent years, with the improvement of domestic consumption ability, consumers pay more attention to the quality of mutton. As an important factor in judging meat quality, intramuscular fat can directly affect the tenderness, juicy, and the meat of mutton. Flavor and other sensory evaluation indexes related to meat quality, thus increasing the content and distribution of intramuscular fat can improve the meat quality and improve the eating quality of lamb. As a methyl donor, betaine can provide methyl for the synthesis of carnitine, creatine and other substances in the body, and can adjust the distribution of fowl fat and improve the intramuscular fat of fattening pigs. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of ruminal betaine on the production performance and the fat deposition of sheep in 3-5 months and 9-10 months of age, and to provide theoretical and basic data for the production of mutton fattening. Effects of rumen betaine on growth performance and body fat deposition in 3-5 month old lake sheep. The experiment was designed to study the effects of ruminal betaine on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and fat deposition in the diet of 3-5 month old lake sheep with single factor randomized block trial. 24 lakes with weight of 21.74 + 2.54 kg were selected in the experiment. Sheep lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the Betaine (Bet) group and the Rumen protected betaine (RPB) group, each group, and the control group fed the basal diet. The Bet group fed on the basic diet dry matter (Dry matter, DM) on the basis of the Dry matter (DM) and added 1.6 g/kg Bet. Experimental diet supplemented with 2.9 g/kgRPB for 7 days and 61 days in positive feeding period. The results showed that 1) the addition of Bet and RPB had no significant effect on the growth performance (P0.05).2) the pH value of the rumen of the RPB group was significantly higher than that of the control group and the Bet group (P0.05), and the addition of Bet was the trend to increase the total VFA concentration, the proportion of acetic acid and the ethylene propylene (EPR) in the group. Compared with the control group and the RPB group (P0.05), there was no significant difference in the proportion of NH3-N, propionic acid and butyric acid (P0.05).3). There was no significant difference between Bet and RPB on blood biochemical indexes and the content of lipid metabolic hormones in blood (P0.05).4) adding Bet and RPB on the apparent digestibility of various nutrients (P0.05). The addition of Bet and RPB in the diet significantly affected the rumen ratio (P0.01), and had no significant effect on the slaughter performance and the remaining organ index (P0.05).6). For the longest muscle of the dorsi, the addition of Bet and RPB significantly decreased the loss of water, and significantly increased the shear force of the meat a (P0.01).RPB group significantly lower than that of the control group and Bet group (P0.05); for the buttocks. The shear force of the muscle, RPB group was the lowest, significantly lower than the group Bet (P0.05).Bet group pH24h significantly higher than the other groups (P0.05), while the RPB group was significantly higher than the other groups (P0.01); for the lateral femoris, the meat quality index difference was not significant (P0.05). The longest muscle mass of the control group was the worst, RPB group muscle meat. The quality was best, especially the longest muscle.7 in the back. Bet and RPB were added to the back fat thickness, abdominal fat weight, peri renal fat weight, and intramuscular fat content (P0.05).8). The proportion of C16:0 and C16:1N7 in the Bet group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (P0.05), while the ratio of C17:0 was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05).RPB group. The proportion of C20:3N3 was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), but the proportion of RPB was significantly lower than that of the Bet group (P0.05). The proportion of PUFA decreased significantly (P0.05) and the trend of n-6PUFA decreased (0.05P0.10). Compared to the Bet group, the RPB group n-3 percentage and decreased significantly. Two, the diet of ruminal betaine was added to the 9-10 month old lake sheep. Effects of long performance and body fat deposition. The experiment was designed to study the effects of ruminal betaine on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality and fat deposition in 9-10 months old lake lamb with single factor randomized block test. 15 sheep lambs with weight of 45.91 + 4.39 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, respectively. The control group, Bet group and RPB group, 5 in each group, the control group fed the basal diet, the Bet group fed the basal diet DM on the basis of the diet of 1.6 g/kg Bet, and the RPB group fed the experimental diet with 2.9 g/kg RPB on the basis of the basal diet DM. The experimental pre feeding period was 7 days, and the positive feeding period was 35 days. The results were found as follows: Bet and RPB were added to the growth performance. The index did not significantly affect (P0.05).2) adding Bet and RPB can significantly increase the proportion of acetic acid (P0.05), and RPB can significantly increase the ratio of propionic acid (P0.05). There is no significant difference between the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration and the proportion of butyric acid and EPR (P0.05).3) between the experimental groups (P0.05).3) RPB serum Urea content is significantly higher than the control group and the control group. Bet (P0.05). Compared with the control group, CHO in Bet group and RPB group increased significantly (0.05P0.10). HDL in B group and RPB group was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05). But Bet and RPB were added to the blood albumin, total protein, glucose, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was no significant effect (P0.05). But the trend of NDF and ADF in group Bet was significantly higher (0.05P0.10).5) RPB had a tendency to increase the slaughter rate of sheep (0.05P0.10), and RPB significantly reduced the weight of the hind legs (P0.01). Bet and RPB could significantly increase the weight of the stomach, but they were used for other slaughter performance indicators and other organs. There was no significant effect (P0.05) 6) 6) compared with the control group and Bet, the pH24h of the gluteus medius in the RPB group was significantly higher (0.05P0.10), but the addition of Bet and RPB had no significant changes in the other meat quality (P0.05) 7) in the RPB group, the lipid rate in the RPB group was significantly higher than that in the Bet group (P0.05), and the tendency to increase the fat weight of the subcutaneous fat in the RPB group was significantly higher than that in the RPB group; Thickness, abdominal fat weight, visceral fat weight, tail weight and IMF content were not significantly different (P0.05).8) RPBt can significantly improve the brown purlin oleic acid C16:1N7 (P0.05), but Bet and RPB have no significant effect on other fatty acids (P0.05). Conclusion: 1) in the 3-5 month age, Bet and RPB can promote the development of rumen, and improve the meat quality of lake sheep. Effect, and RPB can improve the content of intramuscular fat in the longest muscle of sheep back to a certain extent, Bet can significantly reduce the proportion of abdominal fat to the carcass weight of.2) in the 9-10 months of age, RPB has a significant increase in slaughter rate, and Bet and RPB can redistribute the fat distribution to a certain extent and increase the intramuscular fat of the dorsi dorsi muscle. Content and total body fat content, but no significant effect on meat quality.3) comprehensively: adding RPB at the young age of 3-5 months is more suitable for regulating meat quality and improving the carcass fat distribution, which is an effective period for the use of RPB to modify the fattening of the sheep.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826.5
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