甘加藏羊发情周期血浆生殖激素分泌的动态变化规律研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 13:26

【摘要】：研究表明哺乳动物下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴(Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,HPGA)是调控动物生殖活动的重要内分泌腺,由下丘脑、垂体和性腺分泌的生殖激素对哺乳动物的性发育、性成熟、性周期等生殖生理活动起着重要的调节作用。下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)作用于腺垂体分泌促性腺激素:卵泡刺激素(Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)和促黄体激素(Luteinizing hormone,LH),促性腺激素作用于卵巢直接参与调控母畜的发情、排卵等生殖过程。卵巢分泌雌激素和孕酮,雌激素促使雌性动物生殖器官、子宫发育和内膜增生,刺激卵泡发育,并通过反馈调节控制下丘脑和垂体的激素分泌;孕酮可促进生殖道发育,维持家畜妊娠、保胎等生理作用。动物发情周期的不同阶段中,血浆中生殖激素的浓度存在着显著的动态变化规律。迄今为止,有关甘加藏羊发情周期生殖激素分泌的动态研究未见报道。因此,研究藏羊生殖激素分泌的动态变化规律,对揭示藏羊生殖调控机理,提高动物繁殖和生产性能具有重要科学意义和应用价值。为了阐明高原甘加藏羊发情周期生殖激素分泌的动态变化在生殖活动中的作用及其与藏羊生殖调控之间的关系,本研究对甘加藏羊发情周期不同阶段血浆中促卵泡素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E)和孕酮(P)分泌的动态变化规律进行了研究。在藏羊的繁殖季节选取年龄2.5~3.5岁,发育正常的健康雌性未孕高原甘加藏羊48只,按发情周期的不同阶段分为4组:发情前期、发情期、发情后期、间情期。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定每组藏羊发情周期各阶段血浆中FSH、LH、E和P的含量,分析其在发情周期的动态变化规律。研究结果如下:1.发情周期血浆中FSH分泌特点是:在发情期分泌量最高(3.406±0.294mIU/mL),发情后期降低至(2.492±0.641 mIU/mL),间情期又开始升高,至发情前期达(2.727±0.603 mIU/mL),发情期分泌量极显著高于发情后期、间情期和发情前期的分泌量(P0.01)。2.发情周期血浆中LH分泌特点是:在发情期、发情后期、间情期、发情前期的分泌量分别为(4.145±0.260 mIU/mL)、(3.923±0.432 m IU/mL)、(4.377±0.250 mIU/mL)、(4.375±0.466 mIU/mL),发情后期显著低于发情期、间情期和发情前期(P0.05)。3.发情周期血浆中孕酮分泌特点是:在发情前期最高(18.039±1.596ng/mL),发情期下降为(16.196±4.183 ng/mL),发情后期分泌量缓慢升高,到间情期时分泌量达(17.127±2.857 ng/mL),发情前期显著高于发情期与发情后期(P0.05)。4.发情周期血浆中雌激素分泌特点是:在发情前期分泌量最低(29.625±3.166 pg/mL),发情期升高(36.035±2.784 pg/mL)、发情后期分泌量达到最高(38.573±2.557 pg/mL)、间情期又降低(35.531±6.385 pg/mL),间情期分泌量极显著高于发情前期(P0.01),发情后期极显著高于发情期、间情期以及发情前期(P0.01),发情前期极显著低于间情期与发情期(P0.01)。上述研究结果,可为进一步研究高原甘加藏羊生殖激素对繁殖活动的调控、对不同发育时期卵泡的作用、繁殖性能的影响,提供试验数据。为研究哺乳动物发情、排卵等生殖内分泌调控机理、动物繁殖育种、提高动物生产性能等提供试验数据和科学理论依据。
[Abstract]:The study shows that the mammalian hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis (Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, HPGA) is an important endocrine gland that regulates the reproductive activities of animals. The reproductive hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary and gonadal glands play an important role in the sexual development, sexual maturity and sexual cycle of mammals. The hypothalamus is divided into the hypothalamus. Secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) acts on gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis: Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (Luteinizing hormone, LH). Gonadotropin acts on the oestrus, ovulation, and oviposition of the ovaries. The ovarian secretion is directly involved in the regulation of the oestrus and ovulation. The reproductive organs of the female animals, the development of the uterus and the hyperplasia of the endometrium, the stimulation of the follicle development, and the control of the hormone secretion in the hypothalamus and the pituitary by feedback; progesterone can promote the development of the reproductive tract, maintain the pregnancy and protect the fetus. In the different stages of the estrous cycle of the animal, the concentration of the reproductive hormone in the plasma has a significant movement. So far, the dynamic study of the secretion of reproductive hormones in the estrous cycle of Gant Tibetan sheep has not been reported. Therefore, the study of the dynamic changes in the secretion of reproductive hormones in Tibetan sheep has important scientific significance and applied value to reveal the reproductive regulation mechanism of Tibetan sheep and improve the reproduction and production performance of the animals. The relationship between the dynamic changes of the reproductive hormone secretion in the estrous cycle of sheep and the relationship between the reproductive activity and the reproductive regulation of Tibetan sheep. This study has studied the dynamic changes of the plasma levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) in the different stages of the estrous cycle of Gant Tibetan sheep. 48 healthy female healthy female unpregnant Tibetan goats were divided into 4 groups according to the different stages of estrus cycle: pre estrus, estrus, anaphase, and estrus. The content of FSH, LH, E and P in each stage of estrus period of each sheep was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the estrus was analyzed in the estrus. The results of the dynamic change of the cycle were as follows: 1. the secretion of FSH in the estrus cycle was: the secretion of the oestrus was highest (3.406 + 0.294mIU/mL), the late estrus decreased to (2.492 + 0.641 mIU/mL), and the estrus period began to rise, to (2.727 + 0.603 mIU/mL) in the proestrus, and the estrus secretion was significantly higher than that in the late estrus. The secretion of LH in the estrus cycle of the period and pre estrus (P0.01).2. was: the secretion of LH in estrus, anaphase, estrus, and proestrus was (4.145 + 0.260 mIU/mL), (3.923 + 0.432 m IU/mL), (4.377 + 0.250 mIU/mL), (4.375 + 0.466 mIU/mL), and significantly lower than the oestrus period, estrus and proestrus (P0.). 05) the characteristics of progesterone secretion in the.3. estrus cycle were: the highest (18.039 + 1.596ng/mL) in pre estrus, the decline of estrus (16.196 + 4.183 ng/mL), the slow increase of secretion in the late estrus, and the secretion of (17.127 + 2.857 ng/mL) at the estrous stage, which was significantly higher than the estrus and the post estrus (P0.05).4. estrus cycle in the estrus period. The secretory characteristics were: the secretion was lowest (29.625 + 3.166 pg/mL) in the pre estrus, the estrus period increased (36.035 + 2.784 pg/mL), the secretion in the late estrus reached the highest (38.573 + 2.557 pg/mL), the estrous period decreased (35.531 + 6.385 pg/mL), and the estrous period was significantly higher than that in the proestrus (P0.01), and the late estrus was significantly higher than the estrus period. The preestrus period and preestrus (P0.01) were significantly lower than that of estrus and estrus (P0.01). The above results could provide experimental data for further research on the regulation of reproductive hormones on reproductive activities in Tibetan Tibetan sheep, the effect of follicles and reproductive performance at different developmental stages, and to study the estrus and ovulation of mammals. It provides experimental data and scientific theoretical basis for regulating mechanism of reproductive endocrine, animal breeding and breeding, and improving animal production performance.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S826

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