放牧与刈割对典型草原优势种种群空间格局的影响
发布时间：2018-08-04 21:47
【摘要】：本文结合地理信息系统工作原理与方法,以及摄影技术相辅,研究种群空间分布格局。利用Ripley's K函数,在10mxlom的空间尺度上定量分析了4种不同草地利用方式：2012-2015年围栏放牧刈割实验的CK(围封)、放牧、放牧割草、割草样地,刈割留茬高度为6cm的优势种克氏针茅、羊草、糙隐子草种群的空间格局变化及其随尺度的变化规律；用蒙特卡罗(Monte-Carlo)随机模拟方法估计了h(t)的置信限。研究了不同草地利用方式对典型草原3种优势种种群空间分布格局的影响以及由此引发的各种群密度的变化,并以放牧和刈割条件下克氏针茅、羊草、糙隐子草种群自身的生物学特性以及生态适应对策为基础,进一步探讨产生和维持这些格局的机理,为草原的合理利用提供科学依据。研究结果表明：1.割草样地中克氏针茅种群在0.50-3.70 m尺度间的聚集程度显著高于围封以及放牧样地,放牧割草样地中克氏针茅种群在0.60-3.50 m尺度间的聚集程度显著高于放牧、CK样地。放牧样地中克氏针茅种群在0.70-1.60 m尺度间聚集程度显著高于对照。割草对克氏针茅种群的空间分布格局的影响要更加强于放牧。2.放牧割草样地中羊草种群在0.80-3.10 m尺度间的聚集程度显著高于放牧、割草以及围封样地,放牧样地中羊草种群在1.00-3.10 m尺度间聚集程度显著高于CK以及割草样地。割草样地中羊草种群在0-3.10 m尺度间的聚集程度显著高于对照。这与其生活史特征和种群对放牧以及刈割压力的生态适应对策密切相关,放牧对羊草种群的空间分布格局的影响要强于割草。3.放牧样地中,糙隐子草种群在0-2.90 m尺度间的聚集程度显著高于放牧割草、割草、CK样地。放牧割草样地中,糙隐子草种群在0-1.80 m尺度间聚集程度显著高于割草、CK样地。割草样地中,糙隐子草种群在0.40-1.15m尺度间聚集程度显著高于对照。这主要是由于放牧与刈割的选择性不同,放牧对糙隐子草种群的空间分布格局的影响要更加强于割草。4.放牧和割草胁迫下引起种群空间分布格局的变化,其实质是各种群为了抵御胁迫,各自在其母体周围繁殖大量新的植株个体,提高小尺度范围内的种群聚集程度,改变自身形态和空间分布状态,来抵御践踏、采食与刈割。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the spatial distribution pattern of population is studied by combining the principle and method of GIS and photography. Based on the Ripley's K function, this paper quantitatively analyzed the CK (enclosure), grazing grass mowing, mowing sample land and cutting stubble height of Stipa krjabini, which were the dominant species of four different grassland utilization modes: 2012 to 2015, which were fenced grazing experiment in 2012-2015. The cutting stubble height was the dominant species of Stipa Kirschsonii. The spatial pattern of Leymus chinensis population and its variation with scale are studied. The confidence limits of h (t) are estimated by using Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation method. The effects of different grassland utilization patterns on spatial distribution patterns of three dominant groups in typical grassland and the changes of population densities caused by them were studied, and Stipa krjabini and Leymus chinensis were studied under grazing and cutting conditions. On the basis of the biological characteristics and ecological adaptation strategies of the population of Steenopsis scabra, the mechanism of producing and maintaining these patterns was further discussed, which provided scientific basis for the rational utilization of steppe. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The aggregation degree of Stipa krjabini population in the scale of 0.50-3.70 m was significantly higher than that in the enclosed land and grazing land, and the aggregation degree of Stipa krjabini population in the grazing sample land was significantly higher than that in the grazing plot with the scale of 0.60-3.50 m. The agglomeration degree of Stipa Kirschsoni population in the scale of 0.70-1.60 m was significantly higher than that of the control. The effect of mowing on the spatial distribution pattern of Stipa krjabini population was stronger than that of grazing. 2. The agglomeration degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 0.80-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of grazing, mowing and enclosed plots, and the aggregation degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 1.00-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of CK and mower land. The aggregation degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 0-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of the control. This is closely related to the characteristics of its life history and the ecological adaptation of the population to grazing and cutting pressure, and the effect of grazing on the spatial distribution pattern of Leymus chinensis population is stronger than that of mowing. 3. In grazing plots, the aggregation degree of herbaceous populations in 0-2.90 m scale was significantly higher than that in grazing grass mowing CK plots. In grazing mowing plots, the aggregation degree of population in 0-1.80 m scale was significantly higher than that in CK plots. In mowing plots, the aggregation degree of population in the scale of 0.40-1.15m was significantly higher than that of the control. This was mainly due to the difference of grazing and mowing selectivity, and the effect of grazing on spatial distribution pattern of herbage population was stronger than that of mowing. 4. Grazing and mowing stress caused the change of population spatial distribution pattern. In essence, in order to resist stress, a variety of groups propagate a large number of new plant individuals around their mother body to improve the population aggregation in small scale. Change their own form and spatial distribution to resist trampling, forage and cutting.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S812
本文编号：2165265
[Abstract]:In this paper, the spatial distribution pattern of population is studied by combining the principle and method of GIS and photography. Based on the Ripley's K function, this paper quantitatively analyzed the CK (enclosure), grazing grass mowing, mowing sample land and cutting stubble height of Stipa krjabini, which were the dominant species of four different grassland utilization modes: 2012 to 2015, which were fenced grazing experiment in 2012-2015. The cutting stubble height was the dominant species of Stipa Kirschsonii. The spatial pattern of Leymus chinensis population and its variation with scale are studied. The confidence limits of h (t) are estimated by using Monte-Carlo stochastic simulation method. The effects of different grassland utilization patterns on spatial distribution patterns of three dominant groups in typical grassland and the changes of population densities caused by them were studied, and Stipa krjabini and Leymus chinensis were studied under grazing and cutting conditions. On the basis of the biological characteristics and ecological adaptation strategies of the population of Steenopsis scabra, the mechanism of producing and maintaining these patterns was further discussed, which provided scientific basis for the rational utilization of steppe. The results of the study show that 1: 1. The aggregation degree of Stipa krjabini population in the scale of 0.50-3.70 m was significantly higher than that in the enclosed land and grazing land, and the aggregation degree of Stipa krjabini population in the grazing sample land was significantly higher than that in the grazing plot with the scale of 0.60-3.50 m. The agglomeration degree of Stipa Kirschsoni population in the scale of 0.70-1.60 m was significantly higher than that of the control. The effect of mowing on the spatial distribution pattern of Stipa krjabini population was stronger than that of grazing. 2. The agglomeration degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 0.80-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of grazing, mowing and enclosed plots, and the aggregation degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 1.00-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of CK and mower land. The aggregation degree of Leymus chinensis population in the scale of 0-3.10 m was significantly higher than that of the control. This is closely related to the characteristics of its life history and the ecological adaptation of the population to grazing and cutting pressure, and the effect of grazing on the spatial distribution pattern of Leymus chinensis population is stronger than that of mowing. 3. In grazing plots, the aggregation degree of herbaceous populations in 0-2.90 m scale was significantly higher than that in grazing grass mowing CK plots. In grazing mowing plots, the aggregation degree of population in 0-1.80 m scale was significantly higher than that in CK plots. In mowing plots, the aggregation degree of population in the scale of 0.40-1.15m was significantly higher than that of the control. This was mainly due to the difference of grazing and mowing selectivity, and the effect of grazing on spatial distribution pattern of herbage population was stronger than that of mowing. 4. Grazing and mowing stress caused the change of population spatial distribution pattern. In essence, in order to resist stress, a variety of groups propagate a large number of new plant individuals around their mother body to improve the population aggregation in small scale. Change their own form and spatial distribution to resist trampling, forage and cutting.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S812
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