蛋鸡采食量和饲料转化效率性状的遗传基础研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 19:55
【摘要】：在畜禽生产中,饲料成本占到养殖总成本的60%以上。持续上涨的饲料价格和畜牧生产中的环境污染问题促使遗传育种学家将采食量和饲料利用率性状作为重要的选育目标进行改良。随着蛋鸡产蛋周期的不断延长,改善蛋鸡产蛋后期个体饲料利用率成为一个需要关注的议题。本文利用一个鸡F2分离群体和一个纯系核心育种群,通过对采食量和饲料利用率性状进行遗传参数估计和全基因组关联分析(GWAS),研究这些性状在不同产蛋阶段遗传基础,为性状改良提供参考。本研究构建了白来航与东乡绿壳蛋鸡的F2分离群体,并测定群体在37～40 (T1)和57～60周龄(T2)的剩余采食量(RFI)、饲料转化率(FCR)、采食量(FI)、维持体重(MBW)、体增重(BWG)和产蛋量(EM)等性状表型值。应用动物模型结合AI-REML方法对这些性状进行遗传力和遗传相关系数估计。结果显示T1阶段的RFI、FCR和FI的遗传力分别为0.21、0.19和0.20;T2阶段的估计值分别为0.29、0.13和0.26。两个阶段中,RFI与FCR (0.51、0.43)、FI (0.72、0.84)高度遗传正相关;而F1与FCR之间的遗传相关系数则很小(-0.09、0.11)。RFI与其组分性状MBW、EM和BWG之间呈负相关(-0.47～-0.01)。此外,T1阶段FI、RFI和FCR与T2阶段对应性状间均呈现高遗传相关,介于0.76～0.94,表明两阶段间性状的遗传背景相似,适合于早期选择。研究结果表明通过选择低RFI (高效率)的个体,会降低采食量而对产蛋量影响很小,选择FCR则会提高产蛋量,对采食量影响很小。这些研究结果为产蛋阶段饲料转化效率性状的改良提供了理论依据。利用鸡600K高密度SNP芯片对F2群体中1,534母鸡个体进行基因分型,应用全基因组高效混合模型关联算法(GEMMA)对FI、RFI和FCR进行了单性状、二性状和条件GWAS分析。试验中的全基因组显著性阈值由SimpleM方法推断得到。GWAS分析检测到8个基因组区域与采食量性状显著相关,其中1个关联区域与早前在蛋鸡群体中报道的QTL区域吻合。单性状和二性状GWAS鉴定到8个共有SNP同时影响两个阶段的采食量。这8个SNP位于1号染色体169.23～171.55 Mb区域内,分别解释T1和T2阶段采食量表型方差的3.72%和2.57%。CAB39L和GIP是分别与T1和T2采食量显著关联的重要候选基因。GWAS鉴定到1个与T2阶段RFI显著关联的SNP位点rs315135692,位于27号染色体上的连锁块中,且不同基因型纯合子的表型差异达到3.35克/天,其中主要等位基因可提高饲料利用率,次要等位基因可降低饲料利用率。此外,二性状GWAS在1号染色体上鉴定到的与FCR强相关的信号值得进一步研究。本研究结果证明了采食量性状的多基因遗传效应。GWAS检测到了多个控制采食量的新遗传变异并印证了一个早前报道的QTL。与饲料利用率相关的遗传变异可用于基因组选择中来选择更高效的蛋鸡个体。本研究还测定了808只洛岛红纯系母鸡个体在80～81周龄的FI、RFI和FCR的表型,并对这些性状进行遗传参数估计和全基因组关联分析,最后通过分子试验验证与性状相关的候选基因。基于系谱和SNP数据的遗传参数估计结果显示,采食量和饲料利用率性状遗传力介于0.15-0.28,属中等遗传力,而这些性状之间则是高度遗传相关,相关系数介于0.49～0.9。全基因组关联分析在1号染色体上鉴定到3个SNP位点与饲料转化率显著相关,这3个SNP彼此间高度连锁,位于gga-miR-15a上游13.55～45.16Kb区间内。实时荧光定量试验(qRT-PCR)的结果显示gga-miR-15a在高FCR组个体肝脏中的表达量要显著高于中等FCR和低FCR组个体。进一步的生物信息学分析结果表明gga-miR-15a可以结合到多个靶向基因上,其中就包括FOXO1基因,这个基因参与到胰岛素信号通路中,影响营养代谢的过程,是可能性最大的候选基因。此外,GWAS在3和9号染色体上鉴定到若干个与FI和RFI潜在显著关联的SNP位点。本研究是首次对加长产蛋期采食量和饲料效率性状进行遗传学分析的报道。研究结果可作为基因组育种方案制定的重要依据,并有利于我们更好的理解饲料利用率性状的遗传基础。
[Abstract]:In the production of livestock and poultry, the feed cost accounts for more than 60% of the total breeding cost. The continuous rising feed price and the environmental pollution in the livestock production make the genetic breeders improve the food intake and feed utilization traits as an important breeding target. With the continuous extension of the laying week period of laying hens, the later period of laying eggs is improved. The utilization rate of body feed has become a topic of concern. In this paper, a chicken F2 separation group and a pure line core breeding group are used to estimate genetic parameters and complete genome association analysis (GWAS) for feed intake and feed utilization traits to study the genetic basis of these traits at different laying stages and provide reference for the improvement of the traits. This study constructed the F2 population of white Lai hang and Dongxiang green shell laying hens, and measured the remaining feed intake (RFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), feed intake (FI), MBW, BWG, and egg production (EM) in 37~40 (T1) and 57~60 week age (T2). The heritability of heredity and genetic correlation was estimated. The results showed that the heritability of RFI, FCR and FI at T1 stage was 0.21,0.19 and 0.20, and the estimated values of T2 stage were 0.29,0.13 and 0.26., respectively, RFI and FCR (0.51,0.43) and FI. The components of MBW, EM and BWG were negatively correlated (-0.47 to -0.01). In addition, FI, RFI and FCR and T2 stages were high genetic correlation in T1 stage, between 0.76 and 0.94, indicating that the genetic background of the two stages was similar and suitable for early selection. The effect of FCR on egg production is very small. The selection of FCR will increase the amount of egg production, which has a small influence on the feed intake. These results provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of feed conversion efficiency in the laying stage. Using the 600K high density SNP chip of chicken to genotyping the 1534 hens in the F2 population and the association of the whole genome high efficiency mixture model. The algorithm (GEMMA) carried out a single trait, two sex and conditional GWAS analysis of FI, RFI and FCR. The total genomic significance threshold in the experiment was deduced from SimpleM method to determine that the 8 genome regions were significantly correlated with the feed intake traits, and 1 of them were consistent with the QTL region reported earlier in the egg chicken population. Two sexual GWAS identified 8 common SNP and affected the feed intake of two stages. The 8 SNP was located in the 169.23 to 171.55 Mb region of chromosome 1, explaining 3.72% of the phenotypic variance of feed intake at T1 and T2 stages, and 2.57%.CAB39L and GIP are important candidates for the significant candidate genes associated with T1 and T2 feed intake, respectively, to 1 and T2 stages The significant association SNP site rs315135692 is located in the linkage block on chromosome 27, and the phenotypic difference of different genozygotes reaches 3.35 g / day, of which the main allele can increase the feed utilization and secondary alleles can reduce the feed utilization. In addition, the FCR strongly related letter identified by the second sex GWAS on chromosome 1 It is worth further study. The results of this study demonstrate that the polygenic effect of feed intake traits.GWAS detected a number of new genetic variations that control feed intake and confirmed that a previously reported genetic variation associated with the feed utilization rate of QTL. could be used to select more efficient egg chicken individuals in the selection of genome. The phenotypes of FI, RFI and FCR at 80~81 weeks of age in 808 luoisu red pure lineage hens were estimated and the genetic parameter estimation and whole genome association analysis were performed on these traits. Finally, the candidate genes related to the traits were verified by molecular tests. Genetic parameter estimation based on pedigree and SNP data showed that feed intake and feed utilization traits were shown. Heritability is between 0.15-0.28 and moderate heritability, and the correlation between these traits is highly genetic correlation. The correlation coefficient is between 0.49 and 0.9. genome association analysis on chromosome 1 and 3 SNP loci are closely related to the feed conversion rate. The 3 SNP are highly linked to each other and are located in the 13.55 ~ 45.16Kb range of the upstream of gga-miR-15a. The results of the time fluorescence quantitative test (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of gga-miR-15a in the liver of the high FCR group was significantly higher than that of the medium and low FCR individuals. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that gga-miR-15a could be combined with multiple target genes, including the FOXO1 gene, which was involved in insulin signaling. In the road, the process of influencing nutrition metabolism is the most likely candidate gene. In addition, GWAS has identified several SNP loci potentially associated with FI and RFI on the 3 and 9 chromosomes. This study is the first report on the genetic analysis of feed intake and feed efficiency traits during long laying period. The results can be used as a genome breeding party. The important basis for formulating the case will help us better understand the genetic basis of feed utilization traits.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831
[Abstract]:In the production of livestock and poultry, the feed cost accounts for more than 60% of the total breeding cost. The continuous rising feed price and the environmental pollution in the livestock production make the genetic breeders improve the food intake and feed utilization traits as an important breeding target. With the continuous extension of the laying week period of laying hens, the later period of laying eggs is improved. The utilization rate of body feed has become a topic of concern. In this paper, a chicken F2 separation group and a pure line core breeding group are used to estimate genetic parameters and complete genome association analysis (GWAS) for feed intake and feed utilization traits to study the genetic basis of these traits at different laying stages and provide reference for the improvement of the traits. This study constructed the F2 population of white Lai hang and Dongxiang green shell laying hens, and measured the remaining feed intake (RFI), feed conversion rate (FCR), feed intake (FI), MBW, BWG, and egg production (EM) in 37~40 (T1) and 57~60 week age (T2). The heritability of heredity and genetic correlation was estimated. The results showed that the heritability of RFI, FCR and FI at T1 stage was 0.21,0.19 and 0.20, and the estimated values of T2 stage were 0.29,0.13 and 0.26., respectively, RFI and FCR (0.51,0.43) and FI. The components of MBW, EM and BWG were negatively correlated (-0.47 to -0.01). In addition, FI, RFI and FCR and T2 stages were high genetic correlation in T1 stage, between 0.76 and 0.94, indicating that the genetic background of the two stages was similar and suitable for early selection. The effect of FCR on egg production is very small. The selection of FCR will increase the amount of egg production, which has a small influence on the feed intake. These results provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of feed conversion efficiency in the laying stage. Using the 600K high density SNP chip of chicken to genotyping the 1534 hens in the F2 population and the association of the whole genome high efficiency mixture model. The algorithm (GEMMA) carried out a single trait, two sex and conditional GWAS analysis of FI, RFI and FCR. The total genomic significance threshold in the experiment was deduced from SimpleM method to determine that the 8 genome regions were significantly correlated with the feed intake traits, and 1 of them were consistent with the QTL region reported earlier in the egg chicken population. Two sexual GWAS identified 8 common SNP and affected the feed intake of two stages. The 8 SNP was located in the 169.23 to 171.55 Mb region of chromosome 1, explaining 3.72% of the phenotypic variance of feed intake at T1 and T2 stages, and 2.57%.CAB39L and GIP are important candidates for the significant candidate genes associated with T1 and T2 feed intake, respectively, to 1 and T2 stages The significant association SNP site rs315135692 is located in the linkage block on chromosome 27, and the phenotypic difference of different genozygotes reaches 3.35 g / day, of which the main allele can increase the feed utilization and secondary alleles can reduce the feed utilization. In addition, the FCR strongly related letter identified by the second sex GWAS on chromosome 1 It is worth further study. The results of this study demonstrate that the polygenic effect of feed intake traits.GWAS detected a number of new genetic variations that control feed intake and confirmed that a previously reported genetic variation associated with the feed utilization rate of QTL. could be used to select more efficient egg chicken individuals in the selection of genome. The phenotypes of FI, RFI and FCR at 80~81 weeks of age in 808 luoisu red pure lineage hens were estimated and the genetic parameter estimation and whole genome association analysis were performed on these traits. Finally, the candidate genes related to the traits were verified by molecular tests. Genetic parameter estimation based on pedigree and SNP data showed that feed intake and feed utilization traits were shown. Heritability is between 0.15-0.28 and moderate heritability, and the correlation between these traits is highly genetic correlation. The correlation coefficient is between 0.49 and 0.9. genome association analysis on chromosome 1 and 3 SNP loci are closely related to the feed conversion rate. The 3 SNP are highly linked to each other and are located in the 13.55 ~ 45.16Kb range of the upstream of gga-miR-15a. The results of the time fluorescence quantitative test (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of gga-miR-15a in the liver of the high FCR group was significantly higher than that of the medium and low FCR individuals. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that gga-miR-15a could be combined with multiple target genes, including the FOXO1 gene, which was involved in insulin signaling. In the road, the process of influencing nutrition metabolism is the most likely candidate gene. In addition, GWAS has identified several SNP loci potentially associated with FI and RFI on the 3 and 9 chromosomes. This study is the first report on the genetic analysis of feed intake and feed efficiency traits during long laying period. The results can be used as a genome breeding party. The important basis for formulating the case will help us better understand the genetic basis of feed utilization traits.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S831
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