新疆准噶尔盆地荒漠草地水源圈植物群落退化格局

发布时间：2018-08-07 10:29

【摘要】：游牧民定居放牧是目前主要的放牧方式,导致水源圈在中国北方干旱半干旱区草场上普遍存在。2014年5月底至6月初,在新疆北部荒漠草地上,以一个典型的牧场水源点为中心,在8个方向上设置50、100、200、400、800和1200 m共6个采样距离进行植物群落调查取样。通过分析植物群落的组成、物种重要值、丰富度以及群落的盖度、高度和地上生物量的变化特征,期望为荒漠草地退化生态系统的恢复和可持续管理提供科学依据。结果表明:随着与水源点距离的减少、放牧强度的增加,荒漠草地植物群落特征呈现明显梯度变化,建群植物博洛塔绢蒿优势度逐渐降低,1年生植物优势度逐渐增加;植物群落、多年生草本植物和1年生草本植物的物种丰富度逐渐增加;群落总盖度逐渐降低,与建群植物博洛塔绢蒿的盖度显著正相关。1年生植物和有毒植物骆驼蓬在水源点附近优势度增加,说明放牧导致水源点附近地上植物群落趋于退化。因此,在这一地区开展游牧民定居导致水源圈大量出现,可能加剧荒漠草地的退化。
[Abstract]:The nomadic herdsmen's settled grazing is the main grazing method at present, leading to the widespread existence of the water source circle in the grassland in arid and semi-arid areas of northern China. From the end of May to the beginning of June 2014, in the desert grassland of northern Xinjiang, a typical pasture water source is the center. Six sampling distances of 50100200400800 and 1200 m were set in 8 directions for sampling of plant communities. Based on the analysis of plant community composition, species importance, richness, community coverage, height and aboveground biomass, it is expected to provide scientific basis for the restoration and sustainable management of degraded ecosystems in desert grassland. The results showed that with the decrease of the distance from the water point and the increase of grazing intensity, the plant community characteristics of desert grassland showed obvious gradient change, the dominant degree of Artemisia botanica decreased gradually, and the dominant degree of 1-year-old plant gradually increased. The species richness of plant community, perennial herbaceous plant and annual herbaceous plant gradually increased, the total coverage of community decreased gradually, There was a significant positive correlation between the coverage of Artemisia botanica and Artemisia botanica. The dominance of the annual plant and the poisonous plant camellia increased near the water point, which indicated that grazing resulted in the degradation of the aboveground plant community near the water source. Therefore, the development of nomadic settlement in this area may lead to the emergence of a large number of water resources, which may aggravate the degradation of desert grassland.
【作者单位】：中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室;中国科学院大学;伊犁哈萨克自治州气象局;
【基金】：国家重点基础研究计划项目(2014CB954204) 国家自然科学基金项目(31300390) 中国科学院西部之光西部博士项目(XBBS201309)和中国科学院特聘研究员计划项目(2011T1Z42)资助
【分类号】：S812

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