枯草芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

发布时间：2018-08-12 21:04

【摘要】：本试验选用健康、产蛋均匀的380日龄的海兰褐商品蛋鸡480只，随机分为2组，分别为对照组和试验组，每组内设3个重复，每个重复80只蛋鸡，对照组饲喂基础日粮，试验组在基础日粮中添加500mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。通过饲养试验，研究枯草芽孢杆菌对海兰褐商品蛋鸡生产性能、血清生化指标、蛋品质以及蛋壳超微结构的影响。在上述试验基础上，进行了枯草芽孢杆菌的推广试验。通过枯草芽孢杆菌对蛋鸡生产性能的影响，分析其对蛋鸡经济效益的影响。本研究对提高蛋鸡生产性能、改善鸡蛋品质、提高蛋鸡生产经济效益具有重要的现实意义。本试验结果如下： 1.枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高了蛋鸡生产性能。试验组的蛋重相比于对照组提高了2.62%，，破蛋率比对照组降低了11.69%，且差异显著（P0.05）；试验组的采食量、料蛋比和死淘率相比于对照组有所降低（P0.05）；试验组的产蛋率相比于对照组也有升高的趋势(P0.05）。 2.枯草芽孢杆菌能显著改善蛋鸡血清生化指标。试验组的总蛋白和白蛋白分别比对照组提高了7.76%（P0.05）和10.15%（P0.05）；相比于对照组，试验组的血糖含量提高了27.63%（P0.01），总胆固醇含量降低了8.03%（P0.05），血钙含量提高了5.88%（P0.05），而血磷含量有所降低（P0.05）。 3.枯草芽孢杆菌改善了蛋品质。与对照组相比，试验组的蛋壳强度提高了16.20%（P＜0.05）；试验组的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳颜色、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位相比于对照组均有提高的趋势（P0.05）；两组的蛋壳相对重和蛋形指数变化不显著（P0.05）；两组的蛋壳中钙、磷含量差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 4.枯草芽孢杆菌改善了蛋壳结构。试验组蛋壳外表面的裂纹更细更密，乳锥层的突起结构更加紧密，乳头数较多而且乳头较窄，柱状层和表面晶体层的结构都更加致密。 5.枯草芽孢杆菌提高了蛋鸡养殖的经济效益，试验组比对照组每只蛋鸡可增加0.31元的收入，毛利比对照组提高了22.69%。结论：枯草芽孢杆菌能显著提高鸡蛋蛋重，降低破蛋率；枯草芽孢杆菌能显著提高蛋鸡血清中总蛋白、血糖、血钙含量，降低总胆固醇含量；枯草芽孢杆菌能显著提高蛋壳强度，对蛋壳中钙、磷含量并无显著影响；枯草芽孢杆菌能改善蛋壳结构，使蛋壳结构更加致密；枯草芽孢杆菌可以提高蛋鸡养殖的经济效益。
[Abstract]:A total of 480 Hailan commercial laying hens of 380 days old, which were healthy and evenly laying eggs, were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the experimental group. Each group was divided into 3 replicates and 80 layers per replica. The control group was fed with basic diet. The trial group added 500mg/kg Bacillus subtilis to the basal diet. The effects of Bacillus subtilis on production performance, serum biochemical index, egg quality and eggshell ultrastructure of Hailan Brown layer were studied. On the basis of the above experiments, the extension test of Bacillus subtilis was carried out. The effect of Bacillus subtilis on the performance of laying hens was analyzed. This study has important practical significance for improving the performance of laying hens, improving egg quality and improving the economic benefits of laying hens. The results are as follows: 1. Bacillus subtilis significantly improved the performance of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the egg weight of the test group increased 2.62%, the broken egg rate decreased 11.69%, and the difference was significant (P0.05), the feed intake, feed / egg ratio and death rate of the test group were lower than that of the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the egg laying rate of the test group also increased (P0.05). Bacillus subtilis could significantly improve the serum biochemical index of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the total protein and albumin of the experimental group increased by 7.76% (P0.05) and 10.15% (P0.05), the blood glucose content increased by 27.63% (P0.01), the total cholesterol content decreased by 8.03% (P0.05), the serum calcium content increased by 5.88% (P0.05), and the blood phosphorus content decreased (P0.05). Bacillus subtilis improved egg quality. Compared with the control group, the eggshell strength of the test group increased by 16.20% (P < 0.05), and the eggshell thickness, eggshell color, yolk color, and Hardite unit of the experimental group were all increased compared with the control group (P0.05). The eggshell relative weight and egg shape index of the two groups were not significantly changed (P0.05), and the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the eggshell of the two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). 4. Bacillus subtilis improved the eggshell structure. In the test group, the cracks on the outer surface of the eggshell were finer and denser, the protruding structure of the milk cone layer was more compact, the number of nipples was more and the nipple was narrower, and the structure of the columnar layer and the surface crystal layer were all denser and denser. Bacillus subtilis increased the economic benefit of laying hens. Compared with the control group, the income of each layer in the test group was increased by 0.31 yuan, and the gross profit was increased by 22.69 yuan compared with the control group. Conclusion: Bacillus subtilis can significantly increase egg weight and reduce egg breaking rate, and Bacillus subtilis can significantly increase serum total protein, blood glucose, blood calcium content and decrease total cholesterol content of laying hens. Bacillus subtilis could significantly improve the eggshell strength, but had no significant effect on the contents of calcium and phosphorus in the eggshell, Bacillus subtilis could improve the eggshell structure and make the eggshell structure denser, and Bacillus subtilis could improve the economic benefit of laying hens.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

【参考文献】