产蛋鸡日粮铜铁锌锰优化供给方案初探
发布时间：2018-08-18 14:28
【摘要】：本试验旨在研究铜、铁、锌、锰供给方案对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、养分表观利用率的影响,进而探索对蛋鸡实际生产有效的微量元素最佳添加方案。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,540羽25周龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机等分为5处理(方案),每处理6重复,每重复18羽。整个试验期共配制5批基础日粮,5批基础日粮间饲料原料来自不同批次,每批5组基础日粮,5组基础日粮间饲料原料来自相同批次。方案1,饲喂不添加4种微量元素的基础日粮(B);方案2,不考虑基础日粮中微量元素含量,直接按NRC(1994)推荐量添加(B+N);方案3,以基础日粮中实测微量元素含量占NRC推荐量倍数最大者为标准,将其余3种元素按此倍数补齐(B-MN);方案4,将基础日粮中微量元素含量换算成有效含量(假设基础日粮中微量元素的生物学效价为30%,且默认NRC推荐量为有效含量),以NRC推荐量为标准补齐各元素(30%B-MN);方案5,将基础日粮中微量元素换算成有效含量,用蛋氨酸螯合盐按NRC推荐量补齐各元素(假设螯合盐的效价为硫酸盐的150%)(30%B-ON)。试验期15周,试验动物自由采食和饮水。检测基础日粮中4种微量元素含量,记录和观测铜铁锌锰添加方案对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质、养分表观利用率的影响。结果表明,饲料原料批次相同的基础日粮中微量元素的含量差异不显著,饲料原料批次不同的基础日粮中微量元素含量差异极显著(P0.01);采食量、料蛋比、产蛋率、破蛋率、蛋重、蛋壳颜色、蛋形指数、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄和蛋清中4种微量元素含量各处理间均无显著差异(P0.05);试验6-10周方案3死淘率显著低于方案1、方案2(P0.05),试验6-10周方案4蛋壳强度显著大于方案1、方案5(P0.05),试验1-5周方案2、3、4蛋壳厚度极显著大于方案1(P0.01);各方案间能量、粗蛋白、磷的表观利用率差异不显著,整个试验期方案4钙元素表观利用率极显著高于其它各方案(P0.01)。本研究表明,饲料原料批次不同的基础日粮中微量元素含量变异很大;以基础日粮中实测微量元素含量占NRC推荐量倍数最大者为标准,将其余3种元素按此倍数补齐的添加方案有助于改善蛋鸡死淘率;将基础日粮中微量元素含量换算成有效含量,以NRC推荐量为标准补齐各元素的添加方案有助于改善蛋壳强度、厚度以及钙元素的表观利用率。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of copper, iron, zinc and manganese supply on the performance, egg quality and apparent utilization of nutrients of laying hens, and to explore the best scheme of adding trace elements to the actual production of laying hens. In the experiment, 540 roman brown shell hens of 25 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 treatments (schemes), 6 replicates per treatment and 18 layers per replica. During the whole trial period, 5 batches of basal diets were prepared, and 5 batches of basal diets came from different batches, and 5 groups of basal diets from the same batches. Scheme 1, the basal diet without four trace elements was fed with (B); scheme 2, and the content of trace elements in the basal diet was not taken into account. According to the recommended amount of NRC (1994), (B N); scheme 3 was added directly. The measured trace element content in the basal diet accounted for the largest multiple of the recommended amount of NRC. The remaining 3 elements are added at this multiple (B-MN), and the content of trace elements in the base diet is converted into effective content (assuming that the biological titer of trace elements in the base diet is 30 and the default NRC recommended amount is effective). The recommended amount of NRC is standard complementary elements (30%B-MN), and scheme 5 is to convert trace elements into effective contents in the basal diet. Methionine chelate was used to supplement the elements according to the recommended amount of NRC (assuming that the titer of chelate was 150% of sulfate) (30%B-ON). The experiment period was 15 weeks. The animals were fed and drank freely. The effects of copper, iron, zinc and manganese supplementation on performance, egg quality and apparent nutrient utilization of laying hens were investigated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the content of trace elements in the basal diet with the same batches of feed raw materials, but there were significant differences in the contents of trace elements in the diets with different batches of feed raw materials (P0.01), the feed intake, the ratio of feed to egg, the laying rate, the egg breaking rate and the egg weight. Eggshell color, egg shape index, Hardy unit, yolk color, There was no significant difference in the contents of four trace elements in yolk and egg white among the treatments (P0.05), and the death rate of scheme 3 was significantly lower than that of scheme 1 and scheme 2 (P0.05) at 6-10 weeks, and the eggshell strength of scheme 4 of test 6-10 weeks was significantly higher than that of scheme 1, plan 5 (P0.05), trial 1-5 weeks. The thickness of eggshell was significantly larger than that of scheme 1 (P0.01). There was no significant difference in apparent utilization ratio of crude protein and phosphorus. The apparent utilization ratio of calcium was significantly higher than that of other schemes in the whole trial period (P0.01). The results showed that the content of trace elements in the basal diet with different batches of feed raw materials varied greatly, and the content of trace elements measured in the basal diet accounted for the largest multiple of the recommended amount of NRC. The addition scheme of adding the remaining three elements according to this multiple is helpful to improve the dead scouring rate of laying hens, the trace element content in the basal diet can be converted into the effective content, and the adding scheme using the recommended amount of NRC as the standard to supplement each element will help to improve the eggshell strength. Thickness and apparent utilization of calcium.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
本文编号：2189758
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of copper, iron, zinc and manganese supply on the performance, egg quality and apparent utilization of nutrients of laying hens, and to explore the best scheme of adding trace elements to the actual production of laying hens. In the experiment, 540 roman brown shell hens of 25 weeks old were randomly divided into 5 treatments (schemes), 6 replicates per treatment and 18 layers per replica. During the whole trial period, 5 batches of basal diets were prepared, and 5 batches of basal diets came from different batches, and 5 groups of basal diets from the same batches. Scheme 1, the basal diet without four trace elements was fed with (B); scheme 2, and the content of trace elements in the basal diet was not taken into account. According to the recommended amount of NRC (1994), (B N); scheme 3 was added directly. The measured trace element content in the basal diet accounted for the largest multiple of the recommended amount of NRC. The remaining 3 elements are added at this multiple (B-MN), and the content of trace elements in the base diet is converted into effective content (assuming that the biological titer of trace elements in the base diet is 30 and the default NRC recommended amount is effective). The recommended amount of NRC is standard complementary elements (30%B-MN), and scheme 5 is to convert trace elements into effective contents in the basal diet. Methionine chelate was used to supplement the elements according to the recommended amount of NRC (assuming that the titer of chelate was 150% of sulfate) (30%B-ON). The experiment period was 15 weeks. The animals were fed and drank freely. The effects of copper, iron, zinc and manganese supplementation on performance, egg quality and apparent nutrient utilization of laying hens were investigated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the content of trace elements in the basal diet with the same batches of feed raw materials, but there were significant differences in the contents of trace elements in the diets with different batches of feed raw materials (P0.01), the feed intake, the ratio of feed to egg, the laying rate, the egg breaking rate and the egg weight. Eggshell color, egg shape index, Hardy unit, yolk color, There was no significant difference in the contents of four trace elements in yolk and egg white among the treatments (P0.05), and the death rate of scheme 3 was significantly lower than that of scheme 1 and scheme 2 (P0.05) at 6-10 weeks, and the eggshell strength of scheme 4 of test 6-10 weeks was significantly higher than that of scheme 1, plan 5 (P0.05), trial 1-5 weeks. The thickness of eggshell was significantly larger than that of scheme 1 (P0.01). There was no significant difference in apparent utilization ratio of crude protein and phosphorus. The apparent utilization ratio of calcium was significantly higher than that of other schemes in the whole trial period (P0.01). The results showed that the content of trace elements in the basal diet with different batches of feed raw materials varied greatly, and the content of trace elements measured in the basal diet accounted for the largest multiple of the recommended amount of NRC. The addition scheme of adding the remaining three elements according to this multiple is helpful to improve the dead scouring rate of laying hens, the trace element content in the basal diet can be converted into the effective content, and the adding scheme using the recommended amount of NRC as the standard to supplement each element will help to improve the eggshell strength. Thickness and apparent utilization of calcium.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
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