笋壳与麦麸、稻壳、稻草混合青贮过程营养成分及有机酸变化的研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 09:45

【摘要】：本试验以笋壳为青贮主原料,利用农副产品麦麸、稻壳以及稻草分别按不同比例与其青贮,进行笋壳混合青贮的研究。试验分三个部分:前两个部分分别设计四个处理:笋壳分别与麦麸、稻壳按鲜重比60:40、70:30、80:20、85:15进行混合青贮;第三部分设计五个处理:笋壳与稻草按鲜重比60:40、70:30、80:20、85:15,97%(80笋壳+20稻草)+3%玉米粉进行混合青贮,试验每个处理设四个重复。试验采用动态设计,分别于青贮发酵的1、7、14、30、45天打开青贮瓶取样,对青贮样品进行感观评定、营养成分以及有机酸含量测定分析。通过青贮品质的比较以及相关指标动态变化情况分析,筛选出适宜混合青贮组合。结果如下:营养成分测定结果观察青贮1到45天变化过程,营养成分测定表明:笋壳与麦麸、稻壳、稻草混合青贮1到45天内水分含量无显著变化。处理组70%笋壳+30%稻壳和80%笋壳+20%稻壳处理组样品第7天时干物质含量显著下降(P㩳0.05),14到45天无显著变化。随着青贮天数的增加,所有样品的粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均表现出下降趋势,其中,在青贮第7天时粗蛋白含量均显著(P㩳0.05)下降。中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量7天到14天变化最突出,在第14天均显著(P㩳0.05)下降;80%笋壳+20%稻壳和85%笋壳+15%稻壳处理组样品酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量在第7天、14、30天时均显著(P㩳0.05)下降。混合青贮处理组样品粗灰分含量随着青贮天数的增加,前30天逐渐增加,在第45天时又有所下降。青贮过程中氨态氮/总氮值在青贮前7天上升最快(P㩳0.05)。青贮结束时,60%笋壳+40%麦麸处理组感观评定结果良好,NDF、ADF含量低。70%笋壳+30%稻壳和80%笋壳+20%稻壳处理组感观评定结果良好,可溶性还原糖减少量以及氨态氮/总氮比值低。70%笋壳+30%稻草处理组感官评定结果良好,NDF、ADF含量低。笋壳单独青贮感官评定结果劣等。97%(80%笋壳+20%稻草)+3%玉米粉处理组感观评定优,粗蛋白含量以及可溶性还原糖含量高,氨态氮/总氮比值低。pH值及有机酸测定结果观察青贮1到45天变化过程,混合青贮各处理组样品在青贮第7天时pH值均显著(P㩳0.05)下降,第14和30天时pH值持续降低,第45天时样品的pH值又略有上升。混合青贮样品中乳酸、乙酸含量随青贮发酵时间的增加逐渐升高,前7天显著增加(P㩳0.05),14天,30天,45天时持续缓慢增加。随着青贮发酵的进行,丙酸含量有所增加,青贮第30天各处理组样品丙酸含量达到最大值,与第1天相比均显著(P㩳0.05)提高。在青贮前期,各处理组混合青贮样品中没有丁酸,青贮14天时80%笋壳+20%麦麸、85%笋壳+15%麦麸处理组开始出现了少量丁酸。青贮结束时,60%笋壳+40%麦麸处理组乳酸、乙酸含量均有所提高pH值较低,在青贮过程未产生丁酸。80%笋壳+20%稻壳、70%笋壳+30%稻壳处理组青贮后期乳酸含量增加明显,pH值较低,青贮过程未产生丁酸,青贮品质优。70%笋壳+30%稻草处理组,青贮过程乳酸含量较高pH值较低,青贮后期未出现丁酸,适宜青贮。笋壳单独青贮样品pH值变化不明显,同时有少量丙酸、丁酸产生。综合感观评定结果、营养成分测定结果、pH值以及有机酸测定结果可得:笋壳单独青贮,青贮品质差,不宜单独青贮。稻壳与笋壳混合青贮较麦麸、稻草与笋壳混合青贮品质好。稻壳与笋壳混合青贮品质优,最佳组合为80%笋壳+20%稻壳;麦麸与笋壳混合青贮可行,青贮品质一般,适宜组合为60%笋壳+40%麦麸;麦麸与稻草混合青贮可行,但青贮品质较差,可行组合为70%笋壳+30%稻草;添加玉米粉能显著提高笋壳与稻草混合青贮品质,97%(80%笋壳+20%稻草)+3%玉米粉处理组青贮品质优。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, bamboo shoot husk was used as silage material, and wheat bran, rice husk and straw were used as silage products to study the Mixed Silage of bamboo shoot husk. Five treatments were designed in part: the ratio of fresh weight of bamboo shoot shell to straw was 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 85:15, 97% (80 bamboo shoot shell + 20 straw) + 3% corn flour, and four replicates were carried out for each treatment. The results were as follows: The results of nutrient analysis showed that there was no water content in the Mixed Silage of bamboo shoot shell and wheat bran, rice husk and rice straw within 1 to 45 days. The dry matter content of 70% bamboo shoot husk + 30% rice husk and 80% bamboo shoot husk + 20% rice husk decreased significantly on the 7th day (P? 0.05), but did not change significantly on the 14th to 45th days. The crude protein content decreased significantly on the 7th day of silage (P?0.05). The NDF content changed most prominently from 7 days to 14 days, and decreased significantly on the 14th day (P?0.05). The ADF content of 80% bamboo shoot hull + 20% rice hull and 85% bamboo shoot hull + 15% rice hull decreased significantly on the 7th day, 14 and 30 days (P?0.05). The crude ash content of the Mixed Silage treatment group increased gradually in the first 30 days and decreased again in the 45th day with the increase of silage days. Ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen value increased fastest in the 7 days before silage (P?0.05). At the end of silage, the sensory evaluation results of 60% bamboo shoot shell + 40% wheat bran treatment group were good, and NDF and ADF content were low.70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice husk. The sensory evaluation results of 80% bamboo shoot shell + 20% rice husk treatment group were good, the reduction of soluble reducing sugar and the ratio of ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen were low. 70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice straw treatment group had good sensory evaluation results, and the contents of NDF and ADF were low. The sensory evaluation results of bamboo shoot shell silage alone were inferior. 97% (80% bamboo shoot shell + 20% rice straw) + 3% corn flour treatment group had better sensory evaluation, and crude protein was better. The results of pH value and organic acid determination showed that the pH value of the Mixed Silage samples decreased significantly (P?0.05) on the 7th day of silage, decreased continuously on the 14th and 30th days of silage, and increased slightly on the 45th day of silage. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid increased gradually with the increase of silage fermentation time. The content of lactic acid and acetic acid increased significantly in the first 7 days (P?0.05), 14 days, 30 days and 45 days. In the early stage, there was no butyric acid in the Mixed Silage samples of each treatment group. At 14 days of silage, 80% bamboo shell + 20% wheat bran, 85% bamboo shell + 15% wheat bran appeared a small amount of butyric acid. The content of lactic acid in rice husk treatment group increased obviously in the later stage of silage, the pH value was lower, butyric acid was not produced in the silage process, and the quality of silage was excellent. 70% bamboo husk + 30% straw treatment group. The content of lactic acid in the silage process was higher and pH value was lower, butyric acid did not appear in the later stage of silage, so it was suitable for silage. The results of sensory evaluation, determination of nutrient composition, pH value and organic acid showed that the shells of bamboo shoots were silage alone, and the quality of silage was poor. The Mixed Silage of rice husk and bamboo husk was better than wheat bran, and the Mixed Silage of rice straw and bamboo husk was better. Mixed silage with bamboo shoot shell was feasible, and the silage quality was normal. The suitable combination was 60% bamboo shoot shell + 40% wheat bran. Mixed silage with wheat bran and rice straw was feasible, but the silage quality was poor. The feasible combination was 70% bamboo shoot shell + 30% rice straw.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.53

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