病死动物无害化处理技术与可追溯系统实现初探

发布时间：2018-08-27 09:27

【摘要】：病死动物是动物疫病发生的重要传染来源,处理不当对公共卫生安全、人畜健康和产业发展影响极大。本文调查分析了国内外现有病死动物处理方法,主要包括填埋法、焚烧法、高温化制法、发酵堆肥法四种。欧美国家以深埋、焚烧和堆肥为主,但近年来,由于畜牧业的快速发展和环境保护力度的加大,以高温化制法为代表的病死动物资源化利用技术不断成熟,成为主要的处理方式。而在国内,处理方法以高温高压化制法为主,以填埋、发酵等方法为辅。在此基础上,本文剖析了国内病死动物在集中无害化处理中的技术难点,主要来自于收集、暂存及运输过程中的安全风险。为此,提出了一种基于密封包装的病死动物可追溯系统,阻断疾病传播、降低收集和运输风险,实现对病死动物来源和去向的精确实时监控。同时,可追溯系统还可以通过集中处理中心对病死动物的来源进行有效监管、快速检验,及时掌握病死动物死因和疫情发展动态,进而为管理部门决策、养殖场户风险预警提供指导和帮助。
[Abstract]:Diseased and dead animals are the important source of animal epidemic disease. Improper treatment has a great impact on public health, human and animal health and industrial development. However, in recent years, due to the rapid development of animal husbandry and the increase of environmental protection, the utilization of animal resources, represented by high temperature system, has become the main treatment method. The technical difficulties in centralized innocuous treatment of dead animals in China are analyzed, which mainly come from the safety risks in the process of collection, temporary storage and transportation.Therefore, a traceability system for dead animals based on sealed packaging is proposed to prevent the spread of disease, reduce the risk of collection and transportation, and realize the accurate timing of the source and destination of dead animals. At the same time, the traceability system can effectively supervise the source of dead animals through the centralized processing center, quickly test, timely grasp the cause of death of animals and epidemic situation development trends, and then provide guidance and help for management decision-making, farmer risk early warning.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院农业部设施农业工程重点实验室;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项:主要畜禽低碳养殖及节能减排关键技术研究与示范(201303091)
【分类号】：S851.23

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