旅游踩踏对五台山自然保护区山地草甸土壤生物及质量的影响
发布时间：2018-09-01 20:10
【摘要】：本研究以五台山自然保护区山地草甸土为研究对象,以野外采样调查与室内研究分析相结合的方法,将采样区分为踩踏严重区、轻微区和无踩踏区,探讨了旅游踩踏对山地草甸土酶活性、微生物数量及微生物生物量、无机态磷的影响,结合相关性分析、模糊数学等方法,建立由土壤物理性状指标、化学性状指标和生物学性状指标组成的指标体系,确立了各评价指标的权重和隶属度,进而对土壤进行综合质量评价。研究结果具体表现如下：(1)旅游踩踏对五台山东台、北台、南台、西台、中台山地草句土壤脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性有显著的抑制作用,均表现为：无踩踏区酶活性踩踏轻微区酶活性踩踏严重区酶活性;踩踏对土壤磷酸酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性的影响表现为：无踩踏区踩踏严重区；不同土层脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性基本表现为：O-20cm20-40cm;在不同的踩踏程度下,北台草句土壤蔗糖酶的活性随着海拔高度的升高而逐渐增强；五个台中,两个土层踩踏严重区土壤过氧化氢酶活性均显著低于无踩踏区(P0.05)。(2)旅游踩踏显著抑制了五台山五个台山地草甸土0-20cm土层中的细菌、放线菌、真菌及三者的总数,均表现为：无踩踏区轻微区严重区；踩踏对东台土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌数量及三者微生物总数影响最大；踩踏对20-40cm土层微生物的影响较小,踩踏基本没有影响该层次东台、北台、西台土壤中放线菌的数量；土壤中的三类微生物的数量均表现为随着土层的深度增加而减少。(3)踩踏对五台山山地草甸0-20 cm、20-40 cm土层微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量磷有显著抑制作用,其微生物量碳、氮、磷均表现为：无踩踏区轻微区严重区。其中在0-20 cm土层中,东台、中台的三个不同踩踏区微生物量碳差异均达到显著水平(P0.05),东台、南台、西台的三个不同踩踏区微生物量氮均差异显著,且达到显著水平(P0.05),东台、北台、西台三个不同踩踏区微生物量磷分别达到差异显著水平(P0.05),东台微生物量磷含量最大；在20-40 cm土层中,东台的3个不同踩踏区的微生物量碳差异达显著水平(P0.05)。东台、南台、北台、中台的严重区微生物量氮与无踩踏区差异显著,中台的踩踏严重区对微生物量氮的影响最大,东台、南台三个不同踩踏区微生物磷含量分别达到差异显著。0-20 cm土层的微生物生物量碳、氮、磷受到的影响最严重,20-40 cm土层的微生物生物量碳、氮、磷受到的影响较轻。总之,随着踩踏程度的增加,土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷显著降低。两个土壤层的土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷都表现为随土壤层的加深而减少。(4)旅游踩踏显著影响了。-20 cm和20-40 cm土层土壤无机磷中的Al-P、Fe-P、O-P、Ca-P含量,均表现为：无踩踏区轻微区严重区。同一海拔及土层上,无机磷的各个形态的含量表现为：Fe-PAl-PO-PCa-P;同一海拔的不同土层之间,不同形态土壤磷素呈现表聚性,随着土层的加深而降低,即各无机磷形态均表现为0-20 cm土层的含量显著高于20-40 cm土层的含量；同一土层下,各无机磷形态的含量均随着海拔高度的升高而增加。(5)土壤酶活性与土壤养分、土壤容重、土壤硬度、微生物菌群数量、微生物量、重金属之间具有不同程度的相关性,表现为：土壤脲酶与土壤有机质呈显著正相关(P0.05),与土壤全氮呈极显著正相关(P0.01)；土壤磷酸酶与有机质呈显著正相关(P0.05),与全磷呈极显著正相关(P0.01);微生物量磷与全磷、A I-P含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),微生物量磷与Fe-P含量、0-P含量、Ca-P含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01)；脲酶与细菌、Zn含量、Pb含量、Cd含量呈显著正相关(P0.05)。(6)旅游踩踏对五台山山地草句土壤质量有明显的影响。在0-20 cm和20-40 cm土层中,五台山草甸自然保护区土壤质量指数均表现为：无踩踏区踩踏轻微区踩踏严重区,这说明随着旅游踩踏程度的增加,五台山山地草甸土壤质量明显下降。旅游踩踏对0-20cm土层东台顶山地草甸土壤的影响程度最高,对北台顶的影响次之,对中台顶的影响最低;旅游踩踏对20-40cm土层南台顶山地草甸土壤的影响程度最高,中台顶的影响次之,西台顶的影响最低。
[Abstract]:Taking the mountain meadow soil of Wutai Mountain Nature Reserve as the research object, this paper divides the sampling area into serious trample area, slight trample area and no trample area by the method of field sampling investigation and indoor analysis. The effects of trample on the enzyme activity, microbial quantity, microbial biomass and inorganic phosphorus of mountain meadow soil are discussed. By combining the methods of correlation analysis and fuzzy mathematics, an index system consisting of soil physical, chemical and biological indexes was established. The weight and subordinate degree of each index were established, and then the comprehensive quality of soil was evaluated. The activities of urease and sucrase in grassland soils of Nantai, Xitai and Zhongtai Mountains were significantly inhibited, which were shown as follows: the activities of urease and sucrase in slightly trampled areas were slightly inhibited; the activities of phosphatase and catalase were influenced by trampling in slightly trampled areas; the activities of urease and catalase in different soil layers were significantly inhibited in trampled-free areas; the activities The activities of invertase were as follows: O-20cm 20-40cm; the activities of invertase increased with the elevation increasing under different trampling degrees; the activities of catalase in two seriously trampled soil layers were significantly lower than those in non-trampled soil layers (P 0.05). (2) Tourist trampling significantly inhibited 5. The total number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and the total number of the three in the 0-20cm soil layer of the five Taishan meadow soils were shown as follows: the serious area in the slight area without trampling; the number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and the total number of the three microorganisms in the soil of Dongtai were most affected by trampling; the impact of trampling on the microorganisms in the 20-40cm soil layer was relatively small, and the trampling had no effect. The number of actinomycetes in the soils of Dongtai, Beitai and Xitai was decreased with the increase of soil depth. (3) Trampling significantly inhibited soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers of Wutaishan meadow. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the difference of microbial biomass carbon among the three different trampling zones of Dongtai, Zhongtai reached significant level (P 0.05). The difference of microbial biomass nitrogen among the three different trampling zones of Dongtai, Nantai and Xitai was significant (P 0.05), and reached significant level (P 0.05). The difference of microbial biomass phosphorus was significant (P 0.05), and the content of microbial biomass phosphorus was the highest in Dongtai. In 20-40 cm soil layer, the difference of microbial biomass carbon was significant (P 0.05). Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil layers of Dongtai and Nantai had the most significant effect on microbial biomass nitrogen. Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil layers of 20-40 cm were affected most seriously. In short, soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were slightly affected with the increase of the degree of trampling. Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the two soil layers decreased with the deepening of soil layer. (4) Tourist trampling significantly affected the contents of Al-P, Fe-P, O-P and Ca-P in inorganic phosphorus in the soil layers of - 20 cm and 20-40 cm. The contents of inorganic phosphorus in the soil layers of - 20 cm and 20-40 cm were all shown as follows: no-trampling slightly serious area. Fe-PAl-PO-PCa-P; among different soil layers at the same altitude, phosphorus in different forms showed surface aggregation, and decreased with the deepening of soil layers, that is, the content of inorganic phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layers was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm soil layers; under the same soil layer, the content of inorganic phosphorus in different forms was with the increase of soil layers. (5) Soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrients, soil bulk density, soil hardness, microbial flora, microbial biomass and heavy metals in varying degrees, showing that soil urease was positively correlated with soil organic matter (P 0.05), and positively correlated with soil total nitrogen (P 0.01). Acidase was positively correlated with organic matter (P 0.05), and positively correlated with total P (P 0.01); microbial biomass P was positively correlated with total P, A I-P content (P 0.05); microbial biomass P was positively correlated with Fe-P content, 0-P content, Ca-P content (P 0.01); urease was positively correlated with bacteria, Zn content, Pb content and Cd content (P 0.05). In the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, the soil quality indices of Wutai Mountain meadow nature reserve were as follows: no-trample area slightly trample area seriously, which indicated that with the increase of trample degree, the soil quality of Wutai Mountain meadow decreased obviously. The impact of trampling on the meadow soil in 0-20cm soil layer was the highest in Dongtaiding Mountain, followed by that on Beitangding Mountain, and the lowest in Zhongtaiding Mountain.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.2
[Abstract]:Taking the mountain meadow soil of Wutai Mountain Nature Reserve as the research object, this paper divides the sampling area into serious trample area, slight trample area and no trample area by the method of field sampling investigation and indoor analysis. The effects of trample on the enzyme activity, microbial quantity, microbial biomass and inorganic phosphorus of mountain meadow soil are discussed. By combining the methods of correlation analysis and fuzzy mathematics, an index system consisting of soil physical, chemical and biological indexes was established. The weight and subordinate degree of each index were established, and then the comprehensive quality of soil was evaluated. The activities of urease and sucrase in grassland soils of Nantai, Xitai and Zhongtai Mountains were significantly inhibited, which were shown as follows: the activities of urease and sucrase in slightly trampled areas were slightly inhibited; the activities of phosphatase and catalase were influenced by trampling in slightly trampled areas; the activities of urease and catalase in different soil layers were significantly inhibited in trampled-free areas; the activities The activities of invertase were as follows: O-20cm 20-40cm; the activities of invertase increased with the elevation increasing under different trampling degrees; the activities of catalase in two seriously trampled soil layers were significantly lower than those in non-trampled soil layers (P 0.05). (2) Tourist trampling significantly inhibited 5. The total number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and the total number of the three in the 0-20cm soil layer of the five Taishan meadow soils were shown as follows: the serious area in the slight area without trampling; the number of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and the total number of the three microorganisms in the soil of Dongtai were most affected by trampling; the impact of trampling on the microorganisms in the 20-40cm soil layer was relatively small, and the trampling had no effect. The number of actinomycetes in the soils of Dongtai, Beitai and Xitai was decreased with the increase of soil depth. (3) Trampling significantly inhibited soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers of Wutaishan meadow. In the 0-20 cm soil layer, the difference of microbial biomass carbon among the three different trampling zones of Dongtai, Zhongtai reached significant level (P 0.05). The difference of microbial biomass nitrogen among the three different trampling zones of Dongtai, Nantai and Xitai was significant (P 0.05), and reached significant level (P 0.05). The difference of microbial biomass phosphorus was significant (P 0.05), and the content of microbial biomass phosphorus was the highest in Dongtai. In 20-40 cm soil layer, the difference of microbial biomass carbon was significant (P 0.05). Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil layers of Dongtai and Nantai had the most significant effect on microbial biomass nitrogen. Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil layers of 20-40 cm were affected most seriously. In short, soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were slightly affected with the increase of the degree of trampling. Microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the two soil layers decreased with the deepening of soil layer. (4) Tourist trampling significantly affected the contents of Al-P, Fe-P, O-P and Ca-P in inorganic phosphorus in the soil layers of - 20 cm and 20-40 cm. The contents of inorganic phosphorus in the soil layers of - 20 cm and 20-40 cm were all shown as follows: no-trampling slightly serious area. Fe-PAl-PO-PCa-P; among different soil layers at the same altitude, phosphorus in different forms showed surface aggregation, and decreased with the deepening of soil layers, that is, the content of inorganic phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layers was significantly higher than that in 20-40 cm soil layers; under the same soil layer, the content of inorganic phosphorus in different forms was with the increase of soil layers. (5) Soil enzyme activity was positively correlated with soil nutrients, soil bulk density, soil hardness, microbial flora, microbial biomass and heavy metals in varying degrees, showing that soil urease was positively correlated with soil organic matter (P 0.05), and positively correlated with soil total nitrogen (P 0.01). Acidase was positively correlated with organic matter (P 0.05), and positively correlated with total P (P 0.01); microbial biomass P was positively correlated with total P, A I-P content (P 0.05); microbial biomass P was positively correlated with Fe-P content, 0-P content, Ca-P content (P 0.01); urease was positively correlated with bacteria, Zn content, Pb content and Cd content (P 0.05). In the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers, the soil quality indices of Wutai Mountain meadow nature reserve were as follows: no-trample area slightly trample area seriously, which indicated that with the increase of trample degree, the soil quality of Wutai Mountain meadow decreased obviously. The impact of trampling on the meadow soil in 0-20cm soil layer was the highest in Dongtaiding Mountain, followed by that on Beitangding Mountain, and the lowest in Zhongtaiding Mountain.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.2
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