内蒙古草原蝗害与绿色防控技术应用现状

发布时间：2018-09-01 20:54

【摘要】：草原是内蒙古的生态主体,对维护全国的生态环境起着十分重要的作用。多年来草原蝗害在内蒙古连年发生,对草地植被造成严重破坏。本研究对2006-2015年内蒙古草原蝗害、绿色防控技术及应用现状进行了分析与总结,并提出防控对策。结果表明,内蒙古草原蝗虫整体为害2010-2015年已连续6年呈下降态势,目前以点片状中、低密度分散发生为主;蝗虫微孢子虫(Nosema locustae)、蝗绿僵菌(Metarhizium acridum)、苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、印楝素(azadirachtin)、苦参碱(matrine)、烟碱·苦参碱(nicotine·matrine)、牧鸡牧鸭、自然天敌防控及生态治理效果明显,绿色防控技术得到优化,防控技术体系基本形成,10年间累积应用面积733.3万hm~2,生物防治面积明显增大,生物防治比例显著提高,减灾收益9.9亿元,生态、经济和社会效益显著;建议草原蝗虫绿色防控应进一步增加资金投入、完善预警体系、加大科研力度、强化生物防治,切实解决生产实际中的难点和问题,以实现草原蝗虫的绿色可持续防控。
[Abstract]:Grassland is the main ecological body of Inner Mongolia, which plays a very important role in maintaining the ecological environment of the whole country. In recent years, grassland locust pest occurred in Inner Mongolia, causing serious damage to grassland vegetation. This study analyzed and summarized the current situation and application of pest control, green prevention and control technology in Inner Mongolia grassland from 2006 to 2015, and put forward the countermeasures for prevention and control. The results showed that the overall damage of grasshoppers in Inner Mongolia grassland from 2010 to 2015 had been decreasing for 6 consecutive years. The natural enemies control and ecological control effect of (Nosema locustae), locust (Nosema locustae), Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium acridum), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thuringiensis), azadirachtin (azadirachtin), matrine (matrine), matrine (nicotine matrine), farmed chickens and ducks were improved and the green control technology was optimized. In the past 10 years, the cumulative applied area of 7.333 million hm~2, biological control area increased significantly, the proportion of biological control increased significantly, the benefit of disaster reduction was 990 million yuan, and the ecological, economic and social benefits were remarkable. It is suggested that the green control and prevention of grasshopper in grassland should further increase the investment of funds, perfect the early warning system, strengthen scientific research, strengthen biological control, and solve the difficulties and problems in practical production so as to realize the sustainable green control of grasshopper in grassland.
【作者单位】：内蒙古自治区草原工作站;全国畜牧总站;
【基金】：基金项目:农作物重大病虫害防控关键共性技术(2012BAD19B01)
【分类号】：S812.6

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