蚕沙的营养价值评定及其在仔鹅饲粮中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 20:52

【摘要】：本试验通过蚕沙常规营养成分、代谢能、常规营养物质(包括氨基酸)利用率的分析,系统的评定了蚕沙的营养价值,同时通过14-70日龄仔鹅饲养试验,初步探讨确定了仔鹅饲粮中蚕沙的适宜添加量。旨在为中国饲料成分及营养价值表的修订提供参考数据,为肉鹅生产实践中蚕沙的资源化利用提供技术参数。代谢试验测定了成年公鹅对蚕沙表观代谢能(AME)、真代谢能(TME)、常规营养成分和氨基酸(AA)的利用率。选用体况良好的60周龄扬州鹅公鹅18只(4.91±0.26Kg),随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ三组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只,试验Ⅰ组强饲半纯合基础饲粮100 g,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别强饲蚕沙替代20%和40%基础饲粮的试验饲粮100 g。结果表明：蚕沙中总能(GE)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、总氨基酸(TAA)和钙(Ca)含量较高,分别达到了16.01 MJ/kg、17.64%、5.24%、9.06%和3.00%,粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和总磷(TP)分别为17.85%、28.34%、19.76%和0.15%。蚕沙的AME、TME值分别为6.19 MJ/kg和707 MJ/kg, CPTAA的真利用率为53.79%和48.05%,CF、ADF、NDF、EE、Ca口P的利用率分别为9.55%、23.75%、34.03%、57.69%、25.97%和14.16%。饲养试验通过研究饲粮中添加不同水平蚕沙对14-70日龄仔鹅生长性能、体尺性状、屠宰性能、脏器指数、肉品质、肌肉养分含量和风味物质的影响,探讨仔鹅饲粮中蚕沙的适宜添加量。试验选取了330只11日龄健康、体重相近的扬州鹅公鹅,分5个组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V),每组6个重复,每个重复11只。试验分适应期和试验期,适应期为11-13日龄,试验期为14-70日龄,试验期内对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂基础饲粮,其他4组分别饲喂添加3%、6%、9%、12%蚕沙的试验饲粮。结果表明：试验Ⅳ组和试验V组仔鹅体重、平均日增重和胸肌率显著低于其他试验组(P0.05),料重比显著高于其他试验组(P0.05)；饲粮添加蚕沙显著提高了仔鹅十二指肠指数、空肠指数、回肠指数、盲肠指数和直肠指数(P0.05),且呈一次线性关系；试验Ⅳ组和试验V组仔鹅胫围、胸宽、体斜长、髋骨宽和半潜水长显著低于其他试验组(P0.05),说明饲粮添加9%-12%蚕沙时影响了仔鹅的体重和体型发育。饲粮中添加蚕沙显著降低了仔鹅胸肌肉色值和腿肌剪切力值(P0.05),且均呈一次线性关系；饲粮添加蚕沙显著提高了仔鹅胸肌、腿肌水分的含量,降低了粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量(P0.05),其中试验Ⅳ组腿肌粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05),试验V组胸肌、腿肌水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量与试验Ⅰ组相比均存在显著差异(P0.05)；饲粮添加蚕沙显著提高了仔鹅胸肌和腿肌硫胺素的含量(P0.05),对胸肌中肌苷酸和氨基酸含量无显著影响(P0.05),对腿肌中肌苷酸和氨基酸含量无显著影响(P0.05)。综合来看,蚕沙代谢能值为7.07 MJ/kg,与麸皮等常规饲料原料相当,常规营养成分和氨基酸含量齐全,可用作鹅饲粮,但利用率总体偏低。饲粮中添加适量的蚕沙对仔鹅生长性能、屠宰性能、脏器指数、体格发育、肌肉品质和营养成分含量没有不良影响,且能够促进肠道的生长发育,并可能具有改善肌肉嫩度,提高硫胺素含量的作用。依据本试验结果,在生产实践中仔鹅饲粮中蚕沙的添加量以不超过6%为宜。
[Abstract]:The nutritive value of silkworm sand was systematically evaluated by analyzing the routine nutrient composition, metabolic energy and utilization rate of routine nutrients (including amino acids) in silkworm sand, and the optimum amount of silkworm sand in the diet was preliminarily determined by feeding experiment of 14-70 day-old geese. The utilization rates of apparent metabolic energy (AME), true metabolic energy (TME), conventional nutrients and amino acids (AA) in silkworm sand of adult male geese were determined. The results showed that the total energy (GE), crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), total amino acid (TAA) and calcium (Ca) contents in silkworm sand were higher, reaching 16, respectively. 0.01 MJ/kg, 17.64%, 5.24%, 9.06% and 3.00%, crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total phosphorus (TP) were 17.85%, 28.34%, 19.76% and 0.15%, respectively. The AME, TME values of silkworm sand were 6.19 MJ/kg and 707 MJ/kg, the true utilization rate of CPTAA was 53.79% and 48.05%, CF, ADF, EE, Ca was 9.55%, 23.03.75%, respectively. The effects of different levels of silkworm sand on growth performance, body size, slaughter performance, organ index, meat quality, muscle nutrient content and flavor substances of 14-70 day-old geese were studied. Yangzhou Goose Goose Goose was divided into 5 groups (I, II, III, IV, V) with 6 replicates in each group, 11 in each replicate. The experiment was divided into adaptive period and experimental period. The adaptive period was 11-13 days old. The experimental period was 14-70 days old. The control group (I) was fed basic diet during the experimental period. The other four groups were fed with 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% silkworm sand respectively. The weight, average daily gain and chest muscle rate of group IV and group V were significantly lower than those of other groups (P 0.05), and the feed weight ratio was significantly higher than that of other groups (P 0.05). The tibial circumference, chest width, body oblique length, hip bone width and semi-diving length in group V were significantly lower than those in other groups (P 0.05), indicating that dietary supplementation of 9% - 12% silkworm sand affected the weight and body shape development of the geese. The contents of crude protein and crude fat in pectoral muscle and leg muscle of the geese were significantly increased by adding silkworm sand (P 0.05). The contents of crude protein and crude fat in leg muscle of group IV were significantly lower than those of group I (P 0.05). The contents of water, crude protein and crude fat in pectoral muscle, leg muscle of group V were significantly different from those of group I (P 0.05). The content of inosinic acid and amino acid in pectoral muscle and leg muscle of geese was significantly increased by silkworm sand (P 0.05), but the content of inosinic acid and amino acid in pectoral muscle was not significantly affected (P 0.05), and the content of inosinic acid and amino acid in leg muscle was not significantly affected (P 0.05). It can be used as goose diet with complete contents of amino acid and amino acid, but the utilization rate is low on the whole. According to the results of this experiment, it is suggested that the amount of silkworm sand added to the diet of geese should not exceed 6%.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S835.5

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