海星脱毒与微波真空干燥试验研究

发布时间：2018-09-10 15:50

【摘要】：海星作为海水养殖业的一大天敌,常吞食牡蛎、扇贝、鲍鱼等海珍品,如何有效处理海星并实现其资源化利用,是我国水产养殖业发展面临的重大问题。海星蛋白质含量较高,氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸间比例较为合理,接近优质蛋白质,因此将海星开发为新型蛋白质饲料资源具有十分巨大的潜力,但是海星体内含有有毒物质-皂苷,过量食入会造成死亡,因此在海星资源化利用之前需有效脱除毒性物质皂苷。本文首次进行了海星资源化利用为蛋白质饲料的脱毒方法探究及微波真空干燥的试验研究,获得了符合饲料用的无毒干燥海星,为海星的环境增值开发利用提供了初步加工方法。本文通过海星的脱毒试验研究,探讨了柠檬酸浓度、脱毒温度、料液比及脱毒时间对海星皂苷脱除率和蛋白质保留率的影响;并对脱毒后海星进行微波真空干燥研究,探讨微波功率密度、脉冲时间和真空度对海星的干燥特性、能耗以及蛋白质保留率的影响,结果表明:(1)海星脱毒试验中增大柠檬酸浓度、提高脱毒温度、延长脱毒时间均可提高海星的皂苷脱除率,但也会造成海星蛋白质保留率的降低;增大料液比会降低海星蛋白质保留率,当料液比为1:10左右时海星的皂苷脱除率最大。(2)海星脱毒试验中四个因素对海星皂苷脱除率和蛋白质保留率综合影响程度由大到小依次为:脱毒温度脱毒时间料液比柠檬酸浓度。通过正交试验得出当柠檬酸浓度为0.1mol/l,脱毒温度为50℃,料液比为1:8,脱毒时间为3h时海星具有较好的脱毒效果,其皂苷脱除率和蛋白质保留率依次为70.96%和91.29%,综合评分为1.982。(3)海星微波真空干燥试验中微波功率密度对海星的干燥过程影响最大,较高的微波功率会加快干燥速率、降低能耗,但不利于蛋白质的保留;另外,选择较长的脉冲时间和较高的真空度,有利于提高干燥速率、降低能耗;缩短脉冲时间和真空度可提高海星的蛋白质保留率。Page模型能较好的描述海星微波真空干燥的特性,预测结果与试验值拟合良好。(4)响应面试验优化海星的微波真空干燥试验结果得出,微波功率密度、脉冲时间对海星微波真空干燥的综合评分有极显著性影响,且微波功率密与脉冲时间对综合评分也有交互作用。最佳工艺参数为:微波功率密度为4w/g,脉冲时间为60s,真空度为0.090MPa,在此条件下海星微波真空干燥的平均干燥速率为2.95%/min,能耗为0.0118kw.h/g,蛋白质保留率为93.80%,综合评分为0.751,与预测值绝对误差仅为0.8%。实验值与理论值是吻合的,证明了该模型的合理可靠性。
[Abstract]:As a natural enemy of mariculture, sea starfish often devours oyster, scallop, abalone and other sea treasures. How to deal with sea star effectively and realize its resource utilization is a major problem in the development of aquaculture industry in China. Starfish has high protein content, complete amino acid composition, reasonable proportion of essential amino acids, close to high quality protein, so it has great potential to develop sea star as a new protein feed resource. But there is a toxic substance in starfish, saponin, which can cause death by excessive feeding, so it is necessary to effectively remove the toxic substance saponins before the utilization of starfish resources. In this paper, the method of detoxification of starfish as protein feed and the experimental study of microwave vacuum drying were carried out for the first time. Non-toxic dried starfish suitable for feed was obtained. It provides a preliminary processing method for the development and utilization of sea starfish. In this paper, the effects of concentration of citric acid, temperature of detoxification, ratio of substance to liquid and time of detoxification on the removal rate and protein retention rate of saponins from starfish were studied, and microwave vacuum drying of starfish after detoxification was carried out. The effects of microwave power density, pulse time and vacuum on the drying characteristics, energy consumption and protein retention rate of starfish were discussed. The results showed that: (1) the concentration of citric acid and the temperature of detoxification were increased in the detoxification test of starfish. Prolonging the time of detoxification can increase the removal rate of saponins from starfish, but it will also decrease the protein retention rate of starfish, and increase the ratio of material to liquid will decrease the protein retention rate of starfish. When the ratio of material to liquid was about 1:10, the removal rate of saponins was the largest. (2) in the detoxification test of starfish, the comprehensive influence of four factors on the removal rate and protein retention rate of starfish saponins was as follows: the concentration of detoxification temperature at detoxification time was higher than the concentration of citric acid at the time of detoxification. The results of orthogonal experiment show that the detoxification effect of starfish is better when the concentration of citric acid is 0.1 mol / l, the temperature of detoxification is 50 鈩，

本文编号：2234899