菌群移植对家兔生产性能、盲肠微生态和免疫性能的影响
发布时间：2018-09-11 06:11
【摘要】：饲粮纤维成分含量的高低对于幼龄家兔肠道健康至关重要。目前,在我国的家兔养殖过程中经常会出现饲粮纤维含量较高导致幼龄家兔流行性腹泻等肠道疾病的发病率非常高,尤其是刚断奶的幼龄兔,且一旦大面积地发生肠道疾病便会给养殖户带来巨额的经济损失。有研究认为野兔肠道纤维消化率较高,这与野兔肠道中存在含量较高的纤维分解菌有关。因此,本试验在明确家兔和野兔盲肠菌群多样性的基础上,研究菌群移植对幼龄家兔生产性能、盲肠微生态和免疫性能的影响以促进肉兔消化代谢。1.工厂兔、散养兔和野兔的盲肠菌群多样性分析分别采集6只工厂兔、散养兔和野兔的盲肠内容物并通过Hiseq测序技术分析三者的盲肠菌群多样性和菌群结构。结果表明:(1)在门、科、属三个水平上,工厂兔盲肠丰度最高菌群分别为厚壁菌门(71.54%)、瘤胃球菌科(39.26%)、拟杆菌属(9.45%),散养兔盲肠丰度最高菌群分别为为厚壁菌门(65.37%)、瘤胃球菌科(33.33%)、理研菌科RC9(17.68%),野兔盲肠丰度最高菌群分别为为厚壁菌门(63.25%)、瘤胃球菌科(29.16%)、Sphaerochaeta(12.36%)。(2)相比于工厂兔和散养兔,野兔的盲肠特殊优势菌群为螺旋体门(12.36%)-螺旋体科(12.36%)-Sphaerochaeta(12.36%)。2.菌群移植对家兔的生产性能、盲肠微生态和免疫性能的影响将野兔盲肠菌液移植给16窝18日龄健康伊拉肉兔,每窝4只移植生理盐水为对照组,4只移植菌液为试验组,并比较分析对照组和试验组的生产性能、盲肠微生态和免疫性能指标。结果表明,(1)试验组的日增重、死亡率和腹泻率分别比对照组低0.98g/d、0.32%和1.57%(P0.05),而试验组的中性洗涤纤维消化率和粗脂肪消化率均高于对照组(P0.05),且相对于对照组,试验组的中性洗涤纤维消化率和粗脂肪消化率分别提高了22.44%和17.92%,说明菌群移植对家兔生产性能产生了有益的影响。(2)试验组的盲肠p H显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验组的盲肠氨态氮、乙酸、丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量均显著高于对照组的含量(P0.05)而试验组盲肠异戊酸含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。试验组的盲肠细菌种类数和丰富度显著高于对照组(P0.05),且Anosim分析结果表明,试验组和对照组盲肠群落结构差异显著(R=0.16,P0.05)。从以上可以看出,说明菌群移植对家兔盲肠内环境产生了有益的影响(P0.05)。(3)试验组和对照组的免疫球蛋白(IgA和IgG)含量无显著差异(P0.05);试验组的空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度均高于对照组且试验组的空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P0.05);除MUC13外,试验组盲肠和回肠的粘蛋白基因和促炎细胞因子(MUC4、TNF、IL8)表达量均高于对照组(P0.05),说明菌群移植未对试验组的盲肠和回肠造成肠道炎性反应。本研究表明菌群移植能够提高家兔的纤维消化率、改善家兔盲肠微生态和免疫性能,进而促进家兔的消化代谢。
[Abstract]:Dietary fiber content is very important for the intestinal health of young rabbits. At present, the incidence of intestinal diseases such as epidemic diarrhea in young rabbits is very high, especially in newly weaned young rabbits. And once a large area of intestinal diseases will bring huge economic losses to farmers. Some studies suggest that the high digestibility of intestinal fiber in hare is related to the existence of fibrinolytic bacteria in the intestinal tract of hare. Therefore, on the basis of identifying the diversity of cecum flora in rabbits and hare, the effects of microflora transplantation on the production performance, cecum microecology and immune performance of young rabbits were studied in order to promote digestion and metabolism of meat rabbits. Analysis on the diversity of cecum flora of factory rabbits, scattered raising rabbits and hare, the cecum contents of 6 factory rabbits, scattered cultured rabbits and wild rabbits were collected, and the diversity and structure of the cecum flora were analyzed by Hiseq sequencing. The results are as follows: (1) at the level of phylum, family, genus, The highest abundance of the cecum in factory rabbits was the phylum thuringiensis (71.54%), the family Rumen (39.26%), the genus Bacteroides (9.45%), the highest abundance of the caecum in scattered rabbits (65.37%), the family Rumen (33.33%), the RC9 (17.68%) and the highest abundance of caecum in rabbits. There were 63.25% (63.25%) phylum, 29.16% (29.16%) Sphaerochaeta (12.36%). (_ 2), and (12.36%). (_ 2, respectively. The specific dominant bacteria in the cecum of rabbits were spirulina phylum (12.36%) -Spirulaceae (12.36%) -Sphaerochaeta (12.36%) .2. Effects of bacterial population Transplantation on the production performance, Cecum Microecology and immune function of Rabbits the Cecum Bacteriological fluid of Hare was transplanted to 16 litter of 18-day-old healthy Eira meat rabbits, and 4 normal saline grafts per litter were used as the control group and 4 rabbits as the experimental group. The production performance, cecum microecology and immune performance of the control group and the experimental group were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the daily gain, mortality and diarrhea rate of the test group were 0.98 g / d 32% and 1.57% lower than those of the control group, respectively (P0.05), while the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P0.05), and compared with the control group. The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat increased by 22.44% and 17.92% respectively in the test group, which indicated that bacterial transplantation had a beneficial effect on the performance of rabbits. (2) the pH of cecum in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05), the cecal ammonia nitrogen in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The contents of acetic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher than those of the control group (P0.05), while the caecum isovalerate content of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The number and richness of cecum bacteria in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), and the results of Anosim analysis showed that the cecum community structure of the experimental group and the control group was significantly different (RP05). As can be seen from the above, The results showed that the microflora transplantation had a beneficial effect on the cecum environment of rabbits (P0.05). (3). There was no significant difference in the contents of IgA and IgG between the test group and the control group (P0.05), and the height and depth of the jejunum villi in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group and the test group. The height of jejunum villi in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), except for MUC13, The expression of mucin gene and pro-inflammatory cytokine (MUC4,TNF,IL8) in cecum and ileum in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P0.05). The results showed that bacterial colony transplantation could improve the fiber digestibility of rabbits, improve the microecology and immune performance of rabbit caecum, and promote the digestion and metabolism of rabbits.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.1
本文编号：2235838
[Abstract]:Dietary fiber content is very important for the intestinal health of young rabbits. At present, the incidence of intestinal diseases such as epidemic diarrhea in young rabbits is very high, especially in newly weaned young rabbits. And once a large area of intestinal diseases will bring huge economic losses to farmers. Some studies suggest that the high digestibility of intestinal fiber in hare is related to the existence of fibrinolytic bacteria in the intestinal tract of hare. Therefore, on the basis of identifying the diversity of cecum flora in rabbits and hare, the effects of microflora transplantation on the production performance, cecum microecology and immune performance of young rabbits were studied in order to promote digestion and metabolism of meat rabbits. Analysis on the diversity of cecum flora of factory rabbits, scattered raising rabbits and hare, the cecum contents of 6 factory rabbits, scattered cultured rabbits and wild rabbits were collected, and the diversity and structure of the cecum flora were analyzed by Hiseq sequencing. The results are as follows: (1) at the level of phylum, family, genus, The highest abundance of the cecum in factory rabbits was the phylum thuringiensis (71.54%), the family Rumen (39.26%), the genus Bacteroides (9.45%), the highest abundance of the caecum in scattered rabbits (65.37%), the family Rumen (33.33%), the RC9 (17.68%) and the highest abundance of caecum in rabbits. There were 63.25% (63.25%) phylum, 29.16% (29.16%) Sphaerochaeta (12.36%). (_ 2), and (12.36%). (_ 2, respectively. The specific dominant bacteria in the cecum of rabbits were spirulina phylum (12.36%) -Spirulaceae (12.36%) -Sphaerochaeta (12.36%) .2. Effects of bacterial population Transplantation on the production performance, Cecum Microecology and immune function of Rabbits the Cecum Bacteriological fluid of Hare was transplanted to 16 litter of 18-day-old healthy Eira meat rabbits, and 4 normal saline grafts per litter were used as the control group and 4 rabbits as the experimental group. The production performance, cecum microecology and immune performance of the control group and the experimental group were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the daily gain, mortality and diarrhea rate of the test group were 0.98 g / d 32% and 1.57% lower than those of the control group, respectively (P0.05), while the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P0.05), and compared with the control group. The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and crude fat increased by 22.44% and 17.92% respectively in the test group, which indicated that bacterial transplantation had a beneficial effect on the performance of rabbits. (2) the pH of cecum in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05), the cecal ammonia nitrogen in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P0.05). The contents of acetic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher than those of the control group (P0.05), while the caecum isovalerate content of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). The number and richness of cecum bacteria in the experimental group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), and the results of Anosim analysis showed that the cecum community structure of the experimental group and the control group was significantly different (RP05). As can be seen from the above, The results showed that the microflora transplantation had a beneficial effect on the cecum environment of rabbits (P0.05). (3). There was no significant difference in the contents of IgA and IgG between the test group and the control group (P0.05), and the height and depth of the jejunum villi in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group and the test group. The height of jejunum villi in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05), except for MUC13, The expression of mucin gene and pro-inflammatory cytokine (MUC4,TNF,IL8) in cecum and ileum in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P0.05). The results showed that bacterial colony transplantation could improve the fiber digestibility of rabbits, improve the microecology and immune performance of rabbit caecum, and promote the digestion and metabolism of rabbits.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.1
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