酵母培养物添加方式对哺乳期犊牛生长发育与机体免疫力的影响
发布时间：2018-09-14 16:15
【摘要】：本研究选取20头健康状况良好的新生荷斯坦小公牛,随机分为4组,每组5个样本重复;分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。对照组犊牛饮用乳以及日粮中均不添加酵母培养物;试验Ⅰ组犊牛饮用乳中添加20g/(头·d)的酵母培养物,分两次添加,每次10 g,颗粒料中不添加酵母培养物;试验Ⅱ组犊牛饲喂酵母培养物含量为4.00%的颗粒料,饮用乳中不添加酵母培养物;试验Ⅲ组犊牛饲喂酵母培养物含量为2.00%的颗粒料,饮用乳中添加10g/(头·d)的酵母培养物,分两次添加,每次5 g。本文通过对犊牛的生产发育、粪便菌群以及血清免疫指标的分析,旨在确定酵母培养的最佳添加方式,从而为犊牛的培育提供理论依据和技术手段。试验结果如下:整个试验周期内,三个试验组犊牛颗粒料日采食料较对照组有一定的增高趋势,其中Ⅰ组犊牛的颗粒料日采食量为三个试验组最低,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。三个试验组犊牛整个试验周期内的体重、日增重和料重比与对照组相比均有显著性差异(P0.05);其中Ⅰ组犊牛的料重比显著低于Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组(P0.05);Ⅰ组犊牛的体重、日增重在三个试验组中为最高,但无组间差异(P0.05)。在试验第56天,Ⅰ组犊牛的体高和Ⅲ组犊牛的体斜长均显著高于对照组(P0.05);三个试验组犊牛的胸围均显著高于对照组(P0.05);Ⅰ组犊牛的胸围在三个试验组中为最高,且显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。在试验第21天时,三个试验组犊牛粪样中的大肠杆菌的数量显著低于对照组(P0.05),而其双歧杆菌数量则显著高于对照组(P0.05),三个试验组的大肠杆菌数以及双歧杆菌数之间无组间差异(P0.05)。在试验第56天,Ⅰ组犊牛粪样中大肠杆菌数显著低于对照组(P0.05);三个试验组双歧杆菌数与对照组相比有一定的增加趋势,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。在0-21天,三个试验组犊牛的粪便指数均显著低于对照组(P0.05),且Ⅰ组犊牛的粪便指数显著低于Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组(P0.05)。在试验第21天时,Ⅰ组犊牛血清IgA和IgM的含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),三个试验组犊牛血清中IgA的含量之间无显著差异(P0.05);各组犊牛血清中IgG的含量之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。在试验第56天时,试验组犊牛血清中IgA、IgG以及IgM的含量较对照组有升高趋势,但各组之间无显著性差异(P0.05)。在试验第21天时,三个试验组犊牛血清中IL-1β的含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);Ⅱ组犊牛血清中IL-1β的含量为三个试验组中最高,且显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。在试验第56天,Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组犊牛血清中TNF-α的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);Ⅲ组犊牛血清中TNF-α的含量为三个试验中最高,但三个试验组间无组间差异(P0.05)。各组血清中IL-1β的含量无组间差异(P0.05),但试验组与对照组相比有一定的升高趋势。试验结果表明,这三种酵母培养物添加方式对犊牛生长发育、肠道健康以及机体免疫具均有一定的促进作用:但经过综合比较分析,牛奶中添加酵母培养物的方式要优于其它两种添加方式。
[Abstract]:In this study, 20 healthy newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into four groups, each group had 5 samples repeated; they were control group, test group I, test group II and test group III. Control group calves did not add yeast culture in milk or diet; test group I calves added 20g / (head d) yeast culture in drinking milk. No yeast culture was added to the pellets twice, 10 g each time; 4.00% yeast culture was added to the pellets in group II, and no yeast culture was added to the milk in group III; 2.00% yeast culture was added to the milk in group III, and 10 g / (head d) yeast culture was added to the milk in two times. 5 g each time. The aim of this study was to determine the best way of yeast culture by analyzing the production and development of calves, fecal flora and serum immune index, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical means for calf culture. There was no significant difference between group II and group III (P 0.05). There were significant differences in body weight, daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio among the three experimental groups (P 0.05). The body weight of group I was significantly lower than that of group II and group III (P In the control group (P 0.05), the chest circumference of group I was the highest among the three test groups, and was significantly higher than that of group III (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of bifidobacteria between groups (P 0.05). On the 56th day, the number of E. coli in feces of group I was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05); the number of bifidobacteria in three experimental groups had a certain increasing trend compared with that of control group, but there was no significant difference (P 0.05). In 0-21 days, the fecal index of the three experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. The fecal index of group I was significantly lower than that of group II and group III (P 0.05). On the 21st day, the serum IgA and IgM levels of group I were significantly higher than those of control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum IgA levels among the three groups (P 0.05). On the 56th day of the experiment, the contents of IgA, IgG and IgM in the serum of calves in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference among the three groups (P 0.05). On the 21st day of the experiment, the contents of IL-1beta in the serum of calves in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P 0.05). The content of TNF-a in serum of group I and group II was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). The content of TNF-a in serum of group III was the highest among the three tests, but there was no difference among the three test groups (P 0.05). The content of IL-1 beta in serum of each group had no difference (P 0.05), but the content of TNF-a in serum of test group was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). The results showed that the three kinds of yeast cultures could promote the growth and development of calves, intestinal health and immunity of the body to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5
本文编号：2243215
[Abstract]:In this study, 20 healthy newborn Holstein calves were randomly divided into four groups, each group had 5 samples repeated; they were control group, test group I, test group II and test group III. Control group calves did not add yeast culture in milk or diet; test group I calves added 20g / (head d) yeast culture in drinking milk. No yeast culture was added to the pellets twice, 10 g each time; 4.00% yeast culture was added to the pellets in group II, and no yeast culture was added to the milk in group III; 2.00% yeast culture was added to the milk in group III, and 10 g / (head d) yeast culture was added to the milk in two times. 5 g each time. The aim of this study was to determine the best way of yeast culture by analyzing the production and development of calves, fecal flora and serum immune index, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical means for calf culture. There was no significant difference between group II and group III (P 0.05). There were significant differences in body weight, daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio among the three experimental groups (P 0.05). The body weight of group I was significantly lower than that of group II and group III (P In the control group (P 0.05), the chest circumference of group I was the highest among the three test groups, and was significantly higher than that of group III (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of bifidobacteria between groups (P 0.05). On the 56th day, the number of E. coli in feces of group I was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05); the number of bifidobacteria in three experimental groups had a certain increasing trend compared with that of control group, but there was no significant difference (P 0.05). In 0-21 days, the fecal index of the three experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group. The fecal index of group I was significantly lower than that of group II and group III (P 0.05). On the 21st day, the serum IgA and IgM levels of group I were significantly higher than those of control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum IgA levels among the three groups (P 0.05). On the 56th day of the experiment, the contents of IgA, IgG and IgM in the serum of calves in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference among the three groups (P 0.05). On the 21st day of the experiment, the contents of IL-1beta in the serum of calves in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P 0.05). The content of TNF-a in serum of group I and group II was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). The content of TNF-a in serum of group III was the highest among the three tests, but there was no difference among the three test groups (P 0.05). The content of IL-1 beta in serum of each group had no difference (P 0.05), but the content of TNF-a in serum of test group was significantly lower than that of control group (P 0.05). The results showed that the three kinds of yeast cultures could promote the growth and development of calves, intestinal health and immunity of the body to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823.5
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