乳酸菌与茶多酚对肉鸡生理生化性能及免疫机能的研究
发布时间：2018-09-18 06:57
【摘要】：乳酸菌是人和动物肠道最为常见的益生菌,而茶多酚是茶叶中提取的天然活性物质,二者具有诸多特殊功效。本研究探讨了乳酸菌、茶多酚及其复合处理对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化、消化酶、免疫炎症以及肠道微生物的影响。选用1日龄AA肉鸡仔480羽,分为8组：对照组(Control);茶多酚组(TP),灌喂0.06 g/kg·BW茶多酚；乳酸菌组(LB),灌喂1.0 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌；1.0 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌+0.03 g/kg·BW茶多酚(LT); 1.0 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌+0.09 g/kg·BW茶多酚(HT); 0.06 g/kg·BW茶多酚+0.5 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌(LL); 0.06 g/kg·BW茶多酚+1.5 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌(HL)以及0.06g/kg·BW茶多酚和1.0ml/kg·BW乳酸菌(TPL、MT或ML),试验周期为84 d,得到如下研究结果：乳酸菌、茶多酚及其二者复合处理降低了肉鸡末体重、平均日增重(P0.05)。乳酸菌低、中、高剂量与茶多酚组合灌喂肉鸡能协同降低肉鸡的体重(P0.05),协同抑制肉鸡的平均日增重(P0.05)。茶多酚低、中、高剂量与乳酸菌组合灌喂能协同降低肉鸡的末体重与平均日增重(P0.05),协同提高肉鸡料重比(P0.05)。由此推断,长期乳酸菌和茶多酚处理对肉鸡生产性能没有积极改善效果。乳酸菌处理后,肉鸡血液低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)的浓度出现显著性差异(P0.05)；茶多酚组与对照组比较时,LDL-C、血糖(GLU)、TG、CHO、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的浓度均出现显著性差异(P0.05)；两者同时处理时,LDL-C、TG以及CHO分别显著下降(P0.05)；随着乳酸菌剂量增加,GLU升高,TG显著降低；而随着茶多酚剂量增加,血液GLU增加,TG和CHO显著降低。结果显示乳酸菌和茶多酚能够影响血液生化,改善机体代谢,且二者具有协同效果。灌喂1.0ml/kg.BW乳酸菌抑制了肉鸡小肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05),增加了胰脏脂肪酶和肌胃胃蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。灌喂0.06 g/kg.BW茶多酚降低了肉鸡小肠脂肪酶和腺胃胃蛋白酶活性(P0.05),显著提高了胰脏脂肪酶、胰脏胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。乳酸菌低、中、高剂量与茶多酚组合能协同降低肉鸡的小肠脂肪酶活性；茶多酚低、中、高剂量与乳酸菌组合能协同提高肉鸡的肌胃胃蛋白酶活性。结果表明乳酸菌与茶多酚能够改善肠道消化酶活性,促进营养物质消化吸收,且二者具有协同效果。乳酸菌与茶多酚复合处理降低了肉鸡肠道白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及细胞核转录因子(1uclear trranscription factor, NF-κB)mRN A的含量(P0.05)。与乳酸菌低剂量组LLB比较,高剂量乳酸菌HLB显著抑制了IL-1p和TNF-a基因表达(P0.05)。与茶多酚低剂量组LTP比较,高剂量组抑制了IL-1β和NF-κB基因表达(P0.05)。结果证实乳酸菌和茶多酚具有抑菌抗炎效果,且二者具有协同效果。肉鸡灌喂(0.03g/KG·BW茶多酚+1.0 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌)试验组的肉鸡肠道内容物的细菌群落丰富度值最大；(1.0 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌)组与(1.0 ml/kg·BW乳酸菌+0.06 g/kg·BW茶多酚)组聚合一类,相似性最高,达到80%；能促进益生菌生长。上述结果表明,灌喂乳酸菌与茶多酚能够调节肉鸡肠道微生物系统。
[Abstract]:Lactic acid bacteria are the most common probiotics in human and animal intestines, and tea polyphenols are the natural active substances extracted from tea leaves. Both of them have many special effects. 480 chickchickenswere divided into 8 groups: control group (control group), tea polyphenol group (TP), tea polyphenol group (TP), 0.06g/kg BW tea polyphenol group (HT), 0.06g/kg BW tea polyphenol group (LB), 1.0 ml/kg BW lactobacillus, 1.0 ml/kg BW Lactobacillus + 0.03 g/kg BW tea polyphenol (LT); 1.0 ml/kg BW Lactobacillus + 0.03 g/kg BW tea polyphenol (LT); 1.0 ml/kg BW Lactobacillus + 0.09g/kg BW tea polyphenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenopheno06 Lactic acid bacteria (HL) and lactic acid bacteria (TPL, MT or ML) of 0.06g/kg.BW and 1.0ml/kg.BW (TPL, MT or ML) were fed for 84 days. The results were as follows: Lactic acid bacteria, tea polyphenols and their combination reduced the body weight of broiler chickens, and the average daily gain (P 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria were fed low, medium and high doses combined with tea polyphenols. Broilers could synergistically reduce body weight (P 0.05) and inhibit average daily gain (P 0.05). Low, medium and high doses of tea polyphenols combined with lactic acid bacteria could synergistically reduce the final body weight and average daily gain (P 0.05), and synergistically increase the feed-to-weight ratio (P 0.05). After treatment with lactobacillus, the concentrations of LDL-C, TG and CHO in blood of broilers were significantly different (P 0.05), while the concentrations of LDL-C, GLU, TG, CHO and HDL-C in tea polyphenol group were significantly different from those in control group (P 0.05). LDL-C, TG and CHO decreased significantly (P 0.05), GLU increased and TG decreased significantly with the increase of lactic acid bacteria dosage, while blood GLU increased and blood TG and CHO decreased significantly with the increase of tea polyphenols dosage. Lactic acid bacteria inhibited intestinal lipase activity (P 0.05), increased pancreatic lipase and muscle pepsin activity (P 0.05). 0.06 g/kg. BW tea polyphenols decreased intestinal lipase and glandular pepsin activity (P 0.05), significantly increased pancreatic lipase and pancreatic trypsin activity (P 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria was low, medium, high dose and tea. The results showed that Lactobacillus and tea polyphenols could improve the intestinal digestive enzyme activity and promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Phenol treatment reduced the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear transcription factor (1uclear trranscription factor, NF-kappa B) mRNA in the intestine of Broilers (P 0.05). Compared with LLB in the low-dose group, high-dose Lactobacillus HLB significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1p and TNF-a genes. Compared with low dose group, high dose group inhibited the expression of IL-1 beta and NF-kappa B genes (P The results showed that lactic acid bacteria and tea polyphenols could regulate the intestinal microbial system of broilers.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
[Abstract]:Lactic acid bacteria are the most common probiotics in human and animal intestines, and tea polyphenols are the natural active substances extracted from tea leaves. Both of them have many special effects. 480 chickchickenswere divided into 8 groups: control group (control group), tea polyphenol group (TP), tea polyphenol group (TP), 0.06g/kg BW tea polyphenol group (HT), 0.06g/kg BW tea polyphenol group (LB), 1.0 ml/kg BW lactobacillus, 1.0 ml/kg BW Lactobacillus + 0.03 g/kg BW tea polyphenol (LT); 1.0 ml/kg BW Lactobacillus + 0.03 g/kg BW tea polyphenol (LT); 1.0 ml/kg BW Lactobacillus + 0.09g/kg BW tea polyphenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenophenopheno06 Lactic acid bacteria (HL) and lactic acid bacteria (TPL, MT or ML) of 0.06g/kg.BW and 1.0ml/kg.BW (TPL, MT or ML) were fed for 84 days. The results were as follows: Lactic acid bacteria, tea polyphenols and their combination reduced the body weight of broiler chickens, and the average daily gain (P 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria were fed low, medium and high doses combined with tea polyphenols. Broilers could synergistically reduce body weight (P 0.05) and inhibit average daily gain (P 0.05). Low, medium and high doses of tea polyphenols combined with lactic acid bacteria could synergistically reduce the final body weight and average daily gain (P 0.05), and synergistically increase the feed-to-weight ratio (P 0.05). After treatment with lactobacillus, the concentrations of LDL-C, TG and CHO in blood of broilers were significantly different (P 0.05), while the concentrations of LDL-C, GLU, TG, CHO and HDL-C in tea polyphenol group were significantly different from those in control group (P 0.05). LDL-C, TG and CHO decreased significantly (P 0.05), GLU increased and TG decreased significantly with the increase of lactic acid bacteria dosage, while blood GLU increased and blood TG and CHO decreased significantly with the increase of tea polyphenols dosage. Lactic acid bacteria inhibited intestinal lipase activity (P 0.05), increased pancreatic lipase and muscle pepsin activity (P 0.05). 0.06 g/kg. BW tea polyphenols decreased intestinal lipase and glandular pepsin activity (P 0.05), significantly increased pancreatic lipase and pancreatic trypsin activity (P 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria was low, medium, high dose and tea. The results showed that Lactobacillus and tea polyphenols could improve the intestinal digestive enzyme activity and promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Phenol treatment reduced the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear transcription factor (1uclear trranscription factor, NF-kappa B) mRNA in the intestine of Broilers (P 0.05). Compared with LLB in the low-dose group, high-dose Lactobacillus HLB significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1p and TNF-a genes. Compared with low dose group, high dose group inhibited the expression of IL-1 beta and NF-kappa B genes (P The results showed that lactic acid bacteria and tea polyphenols could regulate the intestinal microbial system of broilers.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
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