不同类型高寒人工草地土壤和植被变化特征研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 09:29

【摘要】：试验地位于青海省果洛藏族自治州玛沁县,选择2009年单播与混播、2007年单播和2006年混播人工草地为研究对象,通过2013年与2014年调查研究,分别调查其植被高度、盖度、物种数、地上生物量、地下生物量及土壤含水量和养分含量,明确相同建植期青海草地早熟禾单播和混播人工草地群落结构特征、地上地下生物量季节动态以及土壤理化性质是如何变化的;不同建植期青海草地早熟禾单播、不同建植期不同混播人工草地群落结构特征、土壤理化性质是否存在明显差异?将对高寒人工草地可持续利用提供基础数据,获得主要研究结果如下:2009年建植的单混播人工草地,地上生物量、地下生物量、重要值组成、土壤养分含量均差异不显著,地上生物量年际差值下降幅度、物种丰富度指数、Simpson指数均存在显著差异(P0.05),而Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou指数均差异不显著。因此,2009年混播人工草地群落稳定性和耐牧性均高于2009年单播人工草地。2009年单播生物量与禾本科重要值高于2007年单播的,然而,2007年生物多样性、土壤含水量和土壤养分含量高于2009年,由此说明,经过6年生长,青海草地早熟禾单播草地不仅没有明显退化,而且改善了土壤的理化性质,更有利于人工草地可持续发展。2009年和2006年混播人工草地植被特征和土壤理化性质总体差异不大,但2006年人工草地演替程度更高,更接近天然群落的植被特点,因此群落稳定性较高,并且从2013年到2014年地上生物量差值来看,2006年的耐牧性较高。
[Abstract]:The experimental site is located in Maqin County, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The artificial grassland with unicast and mixed sowing in 2009, 2007 and 2006 was selected as the research object. The vegetation height, coverage and species number were investigated by investigation in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Aboveground biomass, underground biomass, soil moisture content and nutrient content, the community structure characteristics of poplar bluegrass monoculture and mixed seeding in the same planting period were determined. The seasonal dynamics of aboveground and underground biomass and the changes of soil physical and chemical properties; whether there are significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties among the different planting periods of Kentucky bluegrass in Qinghai and different mixed planting periods of artificial grassland community structure characteristics? The basic data of sustainable utilization of alpine artificial grassland will be provided, and the main results are as follows: there is no significant difference in the composition of important value, the composition of important value and the content of soil nutrients in single mixed planted artificial grassland, aboveground biomass, underground biomass and soil nutrient content, which were established in 2009. The annual difference of aboveground biomass decreased, species richness index and Simpson index were significantly different (P0.05), but Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were not significantly different. Therefore, the community stability and grazing tolerance of mixed grassland in 2009 were higher than those of unicast artificial grassland in 2009. The values of unicast biomass and gramineous importance in 2009 were higher than those in unicast in 2007, however, the biodiversity in 2007 was higher than that in 2007. The soil moisture content and soil nutrient content were higher than those in 2009, which indicated that after 6 years of growth, the unicast grassland of Kentucky bluegrass in Qinghai not only did not degenerate significantly, but also improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In 2009 and 2006, the vegetation characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties of artificial grassland had little difference, but the succession degree of artificial grassland in 2006 was higher, which was closer to the vegetation characteristics of natural community. Therefore, the community is stable, and from 2013 to 2014, the difference of aboveground biomass is higher, the herding tolerance in 2006 is higher.
【学位授予单位】：青海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

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