伏马毒素对雏鸡毒性作用的初步探究

发布时间：2018-10-24 19:24

【摘要】：伏马毒素(Fumonisins, FB)是一种由串珠镰刀菌等真菌产生的霉菌毒素,可以污染玉米、小麦等多种动物饲料原料,是一种污染很广泛的霉菌毒素。伏马毒素对多种动物具有毒性作用,如猪肺水肿发生、马的脑白质软化,给多种动物造成不同程度的损坏,造成巨大的经济损失。为了初步探究伏马毒素对雏鸡的毒性作用,本试验用含伏马毒素的饲料饲喂雏鸡,观察雏鸡的临床症状、血液及氧化相关指标和病理变化等,初步探讨伏马毒素对雏鸡的毒性作用,为临床上霉菌毒素的防治提供有一定依据。本试验中通过培养产伏马毒素的串珠镰刀菌获得含伏马毒素的饲料,并用含42ppm伏马毒素的饲料饲喂雏鸡30天,观察雏鸡的精神状态、粪便等情况,剖检观察大体组织病变,计算脏器系数,测定血清中常规的血液生化指标以及氧化相关指标,观察动物的病理变化。结果发现,培养产伏马毒素的串珠镰刀菌时需要注意无菌操作,控制培养的温度,时刻保持培养环境中的湿度。给雏鸡饲喂含伏马毒素饲料的试验表明,一定剂量的伏马毒素能影响雏鸡的多个脏体指数与血液生化指标,显著影响法氏囊与胸腺脏体比以及脾脑比,提示伏马毒素可能对鸡的免疫功能具有一定抑制作用,甚至对肝脏等器官有损伤作用。同时还可以使SOD活性降低,但对MDA的含量无明显影响。在试验期间,雏鸡出现了精神萎靡、拉稀与羽毛粗乱的现象。剖检可见,心脏体积大小无明显异常,颜色稍浅,质地较实；肝脏体积稍肿大,颜色偏黄,质地较脆；肺脏颜色深；脾脏体积稍大,切面外翻不能合拢；肾脏稍肿大,质地脆。病理组织形态学观察可见,心脏、肝脏和肾脏的实质细胞都出现不同程度的变性,且脾脏中淋巴细胞较少,肺脏淤血,且在肝脏可见局灶性的淋巴细胞增生病灶。
[Abstract]:Fumaroxin (Fumonisins, FB) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme and other fungi. It can pollute many kinds of animal feed materials such as corn wheat and so on. It is a kind of mycotoxin which pollutes widely. Fumaroxin has toxic effects on many animals, such as pulmonary edema in pigs and leukomalacia in horse, which causes damage to many animals to varying degrees and causes huge economic losses. In order to investigate the toxic effect of fumaroxin on chicks, the chickens were fed with fodder containing fumartoxin, and the clinical symptoms, blood and oxidation related indexes and pathological changes were observed. To explore the toxic effect of fumaroxin on chicks and provide some basis for the prevention and treatment of mycotoxin. In this experiment, fodder containing fumaroxin was obtained by cultivation of Fusarium moniliforme, and fed with 42ppm fodder for 30 days. The mental state and feces of the chicks were observed, and the pathological changes of gross tissues were observed. The organ coefficient was calculated, the routine blood biochemical indexes and oxidation related indexes in serum were measured, and the pathological changes of animals were observed. The results showed that the aseptic operation should be paid attention to, the temperature of culture should be controlled and the humidity should be kept in the culture environment. The experiment of feeding fomatoxin to chicks showed that a certain dose of fumatoxin could affect the visceral body index and blood biochemical index of chicks, significantly affect the ratio of bursa to thymus viscera and spleen to brain. These results suggest that fumaroxin may inhibit the immune function of chicken, and even damage the liver and other organs. At the same time, the activity of SOD was decreased, but the content of MDA was not affected. During the experiment, the chicks showed a phenomenon of mental depression, dilation and rough plumage. The results showed that the size of the heart was not abnormal, the color was slightly lighter and the texture was solid; the liver was enlarged slightly, the color was yellowish, and the texture was brittle; the lung was dark; the spleen was a little larger, and the section was not closed; the kidney was slightly enlarged, and the texture was brittle. Histopathological observation showed that the parenchymal cells of heart liver and kidney were denatured to different degrees with less lymphocytes in the spleen and congestion in the lungs and focal lymphoproliferative lesions were found in the liver.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S859.8

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