基于RAD测序技术的6个中国家兔地方品种的遗传地位研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 19:25

【摘要】：RAD测序技术是近年来进行SNP开发和利用最为有效的高通量测序技术之一,然而迄今为止,在中国家兔地方群体遗传资源方面,尚未见报道。因此,将这种SNP标记开发技术引入到家兔遗传育种行业,实现大数据测序,为家兔群体遗传研究和培育提供新的技术支持。试验以6个地方家兔品种(九嶷山兔、万载兔、四川白兔、云南花兔、福建黄兔、闽西南黑兔)和2个引进家兔品种(新西兰兔、比利时兔)为研究对象,共73个样品,利用RAD测序技术对常染色体和Y染色体进行高通量测序,基于检测到的SNPs信息进行各品种之间的遗传关系研究以及选择压力分析。经高通量测序平台Illumina HiSeq3000测序共检测到7717345个SNP位点,各群体SNP数量从4147507个到4626057个变化不等。常染色体进化树结果表明,各家兔品种独自聚为一类,分群明显。中国家兔地方品种中,万载兔与闽西南黑兔遗传关系最近,然后依次与四川白兔、福建黄兔、九嶷山兔聚类,亲缘关系依次变远。中国家兔地方品种与外来引进家兔品种(新西兰兔、比利时兔)遗传关系较远,属于不同的类群,推断中国家兔并非起源于欧洲,中国可能是家兔起源和驯化最早的地区之一。中国家兔地方品种中的福建黄兔、九嶷山兔、闽西南黑兔、云南花兔血液复杂,曾引进过多种家兔血液,万载兔、四川白兔血液单一。Y染色体结果表明,万载兔和闽西南黑兔亲缘关系最近,然后与四川白兔聚为一类,此结果与常染色体分析结果一致,与外群家兔遗传关系较远,再次证明中国家兔并非起源于欧洲,中国可能是家兔起源和驯化最早的地区之一。福建黄兔、云南花兔、九嶷山兔亲缘关系与常染色体存在差异,有待进一步研究确定。比利时兔、新西兰兔、万载兔、四川白兔、闽西南黑兔血液组成虽然比较复杂,但存在一种主血液,福建黄兔、云南花兔、九嶷山兔血液最复杂且没有主血液,推断可能曾进行过广泛且频繁的基因交流,与常染色体分析结果一致。家兔Y染色体的群体遗传分析与常染色体结果基本吻合,为家兔群体遗传关系的推断提供了良好的辅助作用。以新西兰兔作为外群,将6个地方品种与其进行受选择压力分析,福建黄兔筛选到26个基因,九嶷山兔筛选到17个基因,闽西南黑兔筛选到31个基因,四川白兔筛选到31个基因,万载兔筛选到45个基因,云南花兔筛选到0个基因。各基因参与机体代谢及功能调控过程,影响各个家兔品种的性状及生产性能。找到长期育种工作保留下来的地方品种优良基因,对后期的育种工作提供很好的参考。在以后的育种过程中,仍要对育种群体保持一定的选择压力,继续改善育种群体的优良性状,更加注重科学地保护与利用。
[Abstract]:RAD sequencing technology is one of the most effective high-throughput sequencing techniques for SNP development and utilization in recent years. However, up to now, no reports have been reported on the genetic resources of local populations of Chinese rabbits. Therefore, this SNP marker development technique was introduced into rabbit genetics and breeding industry, and big data sequencing was realized, which provided new technical support for the research and breeding of rabbit population. Six local rabbit breeds (Jiuyi Mountain rabbit, Wan Che rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit, Fujian yellow rabbit, southwestern Fujian black rabbit) and two imported rabbit breeds (New Zealand rabbit, Belgian rabbit) were used as the study objects. High throughput sequencing of autosomes and Y chromosomes was carried out by using RAD sequencing technique. Genetic relationships and selection pressures among varieties were studied based on detected SNPs information. A total of 7717345 SNP loci were detected by Illumina HiSeq3000 sequencing on a high-throughput sequencing platform. The number of SNP in each population varied from 4147,507 to 4626057. The results of autosomal phylogenetic tree showed that all rabbit breeds were grouped into one group and distinct groups. Among the local Chinese rabbit varieties, the genetic relationship between the Chinese white rabbits and the black rabbits in southwestern Fujian was the closest, followed by clustering with Sichuan white rabbits, Fujian yellow rabbits and Jiuyishan rabbits. The genetic relationship between Chinese local rabbit and imported rabbit (New Zealand rabbit, Belgian rabbit) is far away and belongs to different groups. It is inferred that Chinese rabbit is not originated from Europe, and that China may be one of the earliest regions of rabbit origin and domestication. Fujian yellow rabbit, Jiuyi mountain rabbit, southwestern Fujian black rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit have introduced many kinds of rabbit blood. The genetic relationship between Wanchai rabbit and southwestern Fujian black rabbit is close, and then it is a group of Sichuan white rabbits. This result is consistent with autosomal analysis and is far from that of outer group rabbits. It is proved that Chinese rabbits did not originate from Europe. China may be one of the earliest areas of rabbit origin and domestication. The genetic relationship of Fujian yellow rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit and Jiuyi mountain rabbit is different from that of autosomal. Although the blood composition of Belgium rabbit, New Zealand rabbit, multi-carrier rabbit, Sichuan white rabbit and southwestern Fujian black rabbit is quite complex, there is a main blood, Fujian yellow rabbit, Yunnan flower rabbit, Jiuyi mountain rabbit's blood is the most complex and has no main blood. It is inferred that extensive and frequent gene exchanges may have occurred, consistent with autosomal analysis. The genetic analysis of Y chromosome in rabbits was consistent with the results of autosomal chromosome, which provided a good auxiliary function for the inference of the genetic relationship of rabbit population. Using New Zealand rabbits as an outgroup, six local varieties were selected for selective stress analysis. 26 genes were screened from Fujian yellow rabbits, 17 genes from Jiuyi mountain rabbits, 31 genes from southwestern Fujian black rabbits, and 31 genes from Fujian yellow rabbits, Jiuyi mountain rabbits and southwestern Fujian black rabbits, respectively. 31 genes were screened in Sichuan white rabbits, 45 genes were screened in thousands of rabbits, and 0 genes were screened out in Yunnan white rabbits. The genes are involved in metabolism and function regulation, and affect the traits and production performance of each rabbit variety. To find the good genes of local varieties preserved in the long-term breeding work provides a good reference for the later breeding work. In the later breeding process, it is necessary to maintain certain selection pressure on breeding population, continue to improve the fine traits of breeding population, and pay more attention to scientific protection and utilization.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S829.1

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