切根、施肥对羊草典型草原割草场植物群落的影响

发布时间：2018-11-01 20:49

【摘要】：割草场作为牲畜过冬所需饲料的储备仓库,在畜牧业发展中扮演着十分重要的角色。割草场退化及其改良是目前草地生态学研究的焦点问题之一。为探索切根、施肥对典型草原割草场的改良效果,本研究以内蒙古锡林浩特市毛登牧场内羊草(Leymus chinensis)典型草原割草场为研究对象,在切根与未切根样地分别进行不同梯度的氮磷养分配比添加,对植物群落特征及土壤理化特性进行比较分析,为退化割草场的改良提供理论指导及参考。主要研究结果如下:1、RC3(切根+N12.6g/m2+P2.7g/m2)处理植物群落地上生物量较对照显著增加 56.63%(P0.05);RC2(切根+N8.4g/m2+P 1.8 g/m2)处理羊草种群地上生物量较对照显著增加80.32%(P0.05)。2、切根+施肥增加了羊草种群密度,提高了羊草种群地上生物量。施肥使羊草茎叶比值降低,增强了植株的光合作用;但在切根+施肥处理中,茎叶比值升高。3、气候较湿润时,切根处理显著提高了植物群落地上生物量和羊草种群地上生物量(P0.05),施肥处理显著提高了群落地上生物量(P0.05);降水匮乏时,这种作用均不显著(P0.05)。切根与施肥处理对群落和种群地上生物量的交互作用不显著(P0.05)。4、不同改良措施在短期内对土壤理化性质无显著影响(P0.05)。5、RC2处理下割草场生产和经济效益分别提高813 kg/hm2和233.7 元/hm2。综上所述,从生态、生产和经济效益三个方面综合考虑,在气候较湿润年份,切根+N 8.4 g/m2+P 1.8 g/m2是羊草典型草原割草场最合理的改良措施。
[Abstract]:Mowing farm, as a storage warehouse for livestock for winter, plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry. The degradation and improvement of mowing field is one of the focuses in grassland ecology. In order to explore the effect of cutting roots and applying fertilizer on the improvement of typical grassland mowing field, this study took Leymus chinensis (Leymus chinensis) typical grassland mowing field in Maodeng pasture of Xilinhaote, Inner Mongolia as the research object. The nitrogen and phosphorus ratios of different gradients were added in the root-cutting and non-root-cutting plots respectively. The plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties were compared and analyzed, which provided theoretical guidance and reference for the improvement of degraded mowing fields. The main results were as follows: 1 the aboveground biomass of the plant community treated with RC3 (N12.6g/m2 P2.7g/m2) increased 56.63% (P0.05) compared with the control; The aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis population treated with RC2 (N8.4g/m2 P 1.8 g/m2) increased significantly by 80.32% (P0.05) compared with the control, and root-cutting fertilization increased the population density and the aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis population. Fertilization decreased the ratio of stem and leaf of Leymus chinensis and enhanced the photosynthesis of the plants. However, the ratio of stem and leaf increased in the treatment of root-cutting and fertilization. When the climate was wetter, the aboveground biomass of plant community and Leymus chinensis population were significantly increased by root-cutting treatment (P0.05). Fertilization significantly increased the aboveground biomass of the community (P0.05). When precipitation was scarce, the effect was not significant (P0.05). The interaction between root-cutting and fertilization on community and aboveground biomass of population was not significant (P0.05), but different improvement measures had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties (P0.05). The production and economic benefit of mowing farm under RC2 treatment were increased by 813 kg/hm2 and 233.7 yuan / hm2., respectively. In conclusion, considering from three aspects of ecology, production and economic benefit, cutting root N 8.4 g/m2 P 1. 8 g/m2 is the most reasonable improvement measure in typical grassland of Leymus chinensis in humid climate year.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S812

【参考文献】