无水甜菜碱替代肉鸡饲料中蛋氨酸的应用研究
发布时间：2018-11-15 12:27
【摘要】：甜菜碱可替代肉鸡日粮中部分蛋氨酸而不影响肉鸡的生产性能和屠宰性能,但有关甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸对肉鸡的消化酶活性和肌肉品质及氨基酸含量的影响则鲜见报道。为此,本文以AA肉鸡为试验对象,研究无水甜菜碱等量替代不同水平日粮中添加的蛋氨酸对肉鸡生长发育、消化酶活性、养分表观代谢率、肌肉抗氧化功能、肌肉品质和氨基酸含量的影响,探讨无水甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸的合理比例,以期为无水甜菜碱在肉鸡生产中的合理应用提供参考。将192只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每重复8只鸡,试验期为42 d。对照组饲喂基础日粮(前、后期蛋氨酸添加量分别为0.14%和0.08%,蛋氨酸总量分别为0.5%和0.42%),试验组分别以等量的无水甜菜碱替代基础日粮中所添加蛋氨酸的25%(B25%)、50%(B50%)和100%(B100%)。试验共分为三部分:试验一,研究无水甜菜碱替代不同水平蛋氨酸对肉鸡生产性能、器官发育和免疫功能的影响。结果表明:1.无水甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸对肉鸡生产性能无不良影响,也不影响血清中生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量及代谢酶活性(P0.05)。2.与对照组相比,各替代组不影响肉鸡器官指数(P0.05),但50%替代组42 d肝脏指数显著高于25%替代组(P0.05)。3.各替代组血清免疫相关指标与对照组相近(P0.05),但与25%替代组相比,100%替代组21 d IgG含量显著降低(P0.05)。试验二,研究无水甜菜碱替代不同水平蛋氨酸对肉鸡屠宰性能、血清指标、消化酶活性及养分表观代谢率的影响。结果表明:1.各替代组肉鸡屠宰性能相近,对肝脏、胸肌粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量也无影响(P0.05)。2.与对照组相比,50%、100%替代组显著降低21 d血清总蛋白(TP)和尿素氮(BUN)含量,提高42d甘油三酯(TG)含量,100%替代组显著降低21 d球蛋白(GLB)含量(P0.05)。3.100%替代组胰腺糜蛋白酶活性显著提高,50%替代组粗蛋白表观代谢率显著提高(P0.05)。试验三,研究无水甜菜碱替代不同水平蛋氨酸对肉鸡胸肌抗氧化能力、肉品质及氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明:1.与对照组相比,各替代组不影响胸肌抗氧化指标(P0.05),仅100%替代组降低谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性(P0.05)。2.100%替代组显著降低胸肌24 h pH值,提高压力损失(P0.05),但其他替代组不影响肌肉品质(P0.05)。3.无水甜菜碱替代组均不同程度影响胸肌氨基酸含量。与对照组相比,各替代组显著降低天冬氨酸(Asp)含量(P0.05);25%替代组显著降低苯丙氨酸(Phe)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量(P0.05);50%、100%替代组亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)和总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著降低(P0.05);100%替代组还显著降低Phe、苏氨酸(Thr)和丝氨酸(Ser)含量(P0.05)。各替代组甘氨酸(Gly)含量与对照组相近(P0.05),但与25%替代组相比,100%替代组显著降低(P0.05)。与对照组和100%替代组相比,25%、50%替代组显著升高半胱氨酸(Cys)含量(P0.05)。蛋氨酸(Met)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、谷氨酸(Glu)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和非必需氨基酸(NEAA)含量随替代水平的升高呈现降低趋势(P0.1)。本试验研究表明:无水甜菜碱等量替代基础日粮中添加的蛋氨酸对肉鸡的生长发育及屠宰性能无不良影响,但随替代水平的升高,肌肉抗氧化能力、肉品质和氨基酸含量下降。在本研究条件下,无水甜菜碱替代25%添加的蛋氨酸可获得较好的生产性能,而又不影响胸肌的肉品质和氨基酸含量。
[Abstract]:The effect of betaine on the digestive enzyme activity and the muscle quality and the amino acid content of the broiler chickens is not affected by the effect of betaine on the digestive enzyme activity and the muscle quality and the amino acid content of the broiler chickens. The effects of methionine on the growth and development of the broiler, the activity of the digestive enzyme, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient, the antioxidant function of the muscle, the muscle quality and the amino acid content were studied in this paper. The reasonable proportion of the water-free betaines to the methionine was discussed, with a view to providing the reference for the rational application of the anhydrous betaine in the production of the broiler. in that control group, the amount of methionine was 0. 14% and 0. 08%, and the total amount of methionine was 0. 5% and 0. 42%, respectively. In the test group, 25% (B25%), 50% (B50%) and 100% (B100%) of methionine added to the basal diet were replaced with the same amount of anhydrous betaine, respectively. The effects of different levels of methionine on the performance, organ development and immune function of broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. The content of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the activity of metabolizing enzyme (P0.05) in serum were not affected by the replacement of methionine with anhydrous betaine. Compared with the control group, the index of the organ of the broiler was not affected by the replacement group (P0.05), but the liver index of the 50% replacement group was significantly higher than that of the 25% replacement group (P0.05). Compared with the control group (P0.05), the serum immune-related index of the replacement group was similar to that of the control group (P0.05), but the content of the 21-d IgG in the 100% replacement group was significantly lower than that of the 25% replacement group (P0.05). The effects of different levels of methionine on the slaughter performance, serum index, digestive enzyme activity and apparent metabolic rate of broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. The slaughter performance of broiler chickens was similar, and the content of crude protein and crude fat in the liver, pectoral muscle and crude fat had no effect (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of total protein (TP) and urea nitrogen (BUN) in the 21-d serum was significantly reduced by 50% and 100%. The content of triglyceride (TG) was increased, and the content of 21 d globulin (GLB) was significantly decreased in the 100% replacement group (P <0.05). The activity of the pancreatic chymotrypsin in the replacement group was significantly increased in the 100% replacement group, and the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein in the 50% replacement group was significantly increased (P0.05). The effects of water-free betaine on the antioxidant capacity, meat quality and amino acid content of the pectoral muscle of the broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. Compared with the control group, the anti-oxidation index of the pectoral muscle was not affected by the replacement group (P0.05). Only 100% of the replacement group decreased the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P0.05). The content of the amino acid of the pectoral muscle was affected to different extent in the non-aqueous betaine replacement group. Compared with the control group, the substitution group significantly reduced the content of aspartic acid (Asp) (P0.05); 25% of the replacement group significantly reduced the content of phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) (P0.05); 50%, 100% of the substitution group leucine (Leu), The content of lysine (Lys) and total amino acid (TAA) was significantly lower (P0.05); in the 100% substitution group, the content of Phe, threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) was significantly reduced (P0.05). The content of glycine (Gly) in the replacement group was similar to that of the control group (P0.05). However, the content of glycine (Gly) in the replacement group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group and the 100% replacement group, the content of cysteine (Cys) was significantly increased in the 50% replacement group (P0.05). The levels of methionine (Met), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamic acid (Glu), essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) decreased with the level of substitution (P0.01). The results of this study show that the amount of methionine added to the basic daily ration of the anhydrous betaine has no adverse effect on the growth and the slaughter performance of the broiler, but with the increase of the substitution level, the antioxidant capacity of the muscle, the meat quality and the amino acid content decrease. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of 25% of methionine with anhydrous betaine can achieve better production performance without affecting the meat quality and amino acid content of the pectoral muscle.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
本文编号：2333296
[Abstract]:The effect of betaine on the digestive enzyme activity and the muscle quality and the amino acid content of the broiler chickens is not affected by the effect of betaine on the digestive enzyme activity and the muscle quality and the amino acid content of the broiler chickens. The effects of methionine on the growth and development of the broiler, the activity of the digestive enzyme, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient, the antioxidant function of the muscle, the muscle quality and the amino acid content were studied in this paper. The reasonable proportion of the water-free betaines to the methionine was discussed, with a view to providing the reference for the rational application of the anhydrous betaine in the production of the broiler. in that control group, the amount of methionine was 0. 14% and 0. 08%, and the total amount of methionine was 0. 5% and 0. 42%, respectively. In the test group, 25% (B25%), 50% (B50%) and 100% (B100%) of methionine added to the basal diet were replaced with the same amount of anhydrous betaine, respectively. The effects of different levels of methionine on the performance, organ development and immune function of broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. The content of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the activity of metabolizing enzyme (P0.05) in serum were not affected by the replacement of methionine with anhydrous betaine. Compared with the control group, the index of the organ of the broiler was not affected by the replacement group (P0.05), but the liver index of the 50% replacement group was significantly higher than that of the 25% replacement group (P0.05). Compared with the control group (P0.05), the serum immune-related index of the replacement group was similar to that of the control group (P0.05), but the content of the 21-d IgG in the 100% replacement group was significantly lower than that of the 25% replacement group (P0.05). The effects of different levels of methionine on the slaughter performance, serum index, digestive enzyme activity and apparent metabolic rate of broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. The slaughter performance of broiler chickens was similar, and the content of crude protein and crude fat in the liver, pectoral muscle and crude fat had no effect (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of total protein (TP) and urea nitrogen (BUN) in the 21-d serum was significantly reduced by 50% and 100%. The content of triglyceride (TG) was increased, and the content of 21 d globulin (GLB) was significantly decreased in the 100% replacement group (P <0.05). The activity of the pancreatic chymotrypsin in the replacement group was significantly increased in the 100% replacement group, and the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein in the 50% replacement group was significantly increased (P0.05). The effects of water-free betaine on the antioxidant capacity, meat quality and amino acid content of the pectoral muscle of the broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. Compared with the control group, the anti-oxidation index of the pectoral muscle was not affected by the replacement group (P0.05). Only 100% of the replacement group decreased the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P0.05). The content of the amino acid of the pectoral muscle was affected to different extent in the non-aqueous betaine replacement group. Compared with the control group, the substitution group significantly reduced the content of aspartic acid (Asp) (P0.05); 25% of the replacement group significantly reduced the content of phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) (P0.05); 50%, 100% of the substitution group leucine (Leu), The content of lysine (Lys) and total amino acid (TAA) was significantly lower (P0.05); in the 100% substitution group, the content of Phe, threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) was significantly reduced (P0.05). The content of glycine (Gly) in the replacement group was similar to that of the control group (P0.05). However, the content of glycine (Gly) in the replacement group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group and the 100% replacement group, the content of cysteine (Cys) was significantly increased in the 50% replacement group (P0.05). The levels of methionine (Met), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamic acid (Glu), essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) decreased with the level of substitution (P0.01). The results of this study show that the amount of methionine added to the basic daily ration of the anhydrous betaine has no adverse effect on the growth and the slaughter performance of the broiler, but with the increase of the substitution level, the antioxidant capacity of the muscle, the meat quality and the amino acid content decrease. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of 25% of methionine with anhydrous betaine can achieve better production performance without affecting the meat quality and amino acid content of the pectoral muscle.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 张文超;梁桂英;阳会军;王华朗;田丽霞;刘永坚;;饲料中添加甜菜碱对军曹鱼生长、体营养成分和血清生化指标的影响[J];南方水产科学;2012年03期
2 戴德渊;;甜菜碱替代不同日粮总蛋氨酸水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J];饲料博览;2010年04期
3 孙华;杨维仁;杨在宾;姜淑贞;张桂国;刘丽;;甜菜碱代替蛋氨酸对肉鸡生长性能及蛋白质代谢的影响[J];中国粮油学报;2009年09期
4 付艳芳;;甜菜碱替代蛋氨酸对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J];今日畜牧兽医;2008年09期
5 郭雪峰;边连全;付亮亮;;甜菜碱在畜牧业上的应用研究[J];养殖与饲料;2007年01期
6 程郁昕;丁建华;刘玉杰;刘玉燕;陆青玲;冯晨晨;;AA肉鸡生长期主要内脏器官与活重的回归分析[J];当代畜牧;2006年10期
7 陈宽维;高玉时;王志跃;丁余荣;张学余;李慧芳;卜柱;;中华人民共和国农业行业标准 家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法[J];中国禽业导刊;2006年15期
8 冯家斌;阮国良;杨代勤;;不同剂量甜菜碱对黄鳝存活、生长和免疫能力的影响[J];饲料工业;2006年14期
9 程郁昕;张金亮;邱晨伟;陈敬亮;殴圣;韩少军;方亮;;AA肉鸡生长期免疫器官生长规律的探讨[J];畜牧与兽医;2006年04期
10 倪耀娣,宋春丽,许丽,卫书鹏;天然甜菜碱对肉鸡生产性能及免疫抗体的影响[J];黑龙江畜牧兽医;2005年10期
，本文编号：2333296
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/yixuelunwen/dongwuyixue/2333296.html
