体尺外貌表型测定在种猪生产中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-16 20:42

【摘要】：本试验通过研究长大二元母猪体尺性状与体重、达100kg体重日龄之间的相关关系,配种前活体背膘厚度与其配种妊娠率、配种分娩率、繁殖性状之间的相关关系,采用相关分析和通径分析方法,旨在找出影响二元母猪体重的主要性状及配种前的适宜背膘厚,为猪场选择后备母猪群提供理论参考依据。本研究选取100kg体重左右的223头后备长大二元母猪为试验动物,测定体长、体高、胸围、胸宽、胸深、管围、臀宽7个体尺性状及体重、达100kg体重校正日龄。配种前按个体背膘厚度分为4组,11~13mm;14~16mm;17~20mm;20~23mm。试验结果表明:(1)测定的体尺性状均与达100kg体重日龄均有相关性。其中臀宽和体高、胸围是影响达100kg体重日龄的主要性状,相关系数分别为-0.557、-0.534、-0.522(P0.01);体长和胸深与达100kg体重日龄相关系数不显著(P0.05)。胸宽、管围主要通过臀宽、体高对达100kg体重日龄其作用。(2)体尺性状中影响体重的主要性状是臀宽、胸围、体高,相关系数分别为0.614、0.568、0.539(P0.01);胸宽、胸深、体高、管围与体重也呈极显著相关(P0.01),只是是通过臀宽、胸围、体高对体重起作用。(3)长大二元母猪配种前背膘厚度14~17mm配种率最高,为89.19%,分别比其他组高出22.63%、1.64%、17.56%;背膘厚度17~20mm组的配种妊娠率、配种分娩率均最高,分别为89.39%、83.33%,与背膘厚度11~13mm、14~17mm、20~23mm组的配种妊娠率相比分别高出33.33%、2.51%、9.26%,配种分娩率分别高出32.33%、0.94%、7.84%。(4)配种前背膘厚度17~20mm组的当胎窝均产活仔数显著高于背膘厚度11~13mm组(P0.05),与其他两组相比差异不显著(P0.05);而背膘厚度17~20mm组的总产仔数显著高于其他三组(P0.05);且初生窝重也显著高于背膘厚度11~13mm、20~23mm组(P0.05),而背膘厚度14~17mm组与其他三组的初生窝重差异均不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,臀宽、体高、胸围指标是影响长达二元母猪的体重及达100kg体重日龄的主要性状;配种前背膘厚度在17-20mm的母猪的当胎配种受胎率及繁殖性能最佳。
[Abstract]:This experiment was conducted to study the correlation between body size traits and body weight, 100kg body weight and body weight, and the correlation between backfat thickness and pregnancy rate, breeding delivery rate and reproductive traits before mating. By means of correlation analysis and path analysis, this paper aims to find out the main characters that affect the body weight of dualistic sows and the suitable backfat thickness before breeding, and to provide a theoretical reference for the selection of back-up sows in pig farms. In this study, we selected 223 back-up adult sows about 100kg weight as experimental animals, measured body length, body height, chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, tube circumference, buttock width, and body weight, and reached the age of 100kg body weight correction day. Before mating, they were divided into 4 groups according to individual backfat thickness. The results showed that: (1) the body size traits were correlated with the body weight age of 100kg. The hip width, body height and chest circumference were the main traits affecting the body weight of 100kg, the correlation coefficients were -0.557- 0.534- 0.522 (P0.01), and the correlation coefficient between body length, chest depth and 100kg body weight was not significant (P0.05). The effects of chest width, tube circumference and body height on the body weight reached the age of 100kg body weight. (2) the main traits affecting body weight were hip width, chest circumference, body height, correlation coefficient were 0.614, 0.568, 0.539 (P0.01); Chest width, chest depth, body height, tube circumference and body weight were also significantly correlated (P0.01), but only through breech width, chest circumference and body height played an important role on body weight. (3) 14~17mm breeding rate of backfat thickness before breeding was the highest (89.19). They were 22.63, 1.64 and 17.56 higher than those of the other groups respectively. The pregnancy rate and delivery rate of backfat thickness 17~20mm group were the highest, which were 89.39 and 83.33, respectively. Compared with the backfat thickness of 1113mm / 1417mm / 2023mm group, the pregnancy rate of the backfat thickness 17~20mm group was 33.33 / 2.51and 9.26mm higher than that of the backfat thickness (1113mm / 1417mm / 2023mm) group, respectively. (4) the average number of live litter in 17~20mm group with backfat thickness before mating was significantly higher than that in 11~13mm group with backfat thickness (P0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). The total litter size of 17~20mm group was significantly higher than that of the other three groups (P0.05). The primary litter weight of the 14~17mm group was significantly higher than that of the backfat thickness group (P 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the backfat thickness 14~17mm group and the other three groups (P0.05). To sum up, the hip width, body height and chest circumference were the main characters affecting the body weight and the age of 100kg body weight of dualistic sows, and the foetus conception rate and reproductive performance of 17-20mm sows with backfat thickness before breeding were the best.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828

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