北疆部分规模化牛场奶牛BVD，IBR，BPI和Brucellosis的流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-11-22 20:22

【摘要】：奶牛繁殖障碍是指母牛达到正常的性成熟和体成熟年龄时,由各种因素引起的母畜生殖能力下降,临床表现为不孕不育、流产、产死胎、产后子宫内膜炎等一系列症候群的统称。引起奶牛繁殖障碍的原因主要包括非传染性因素和传染性因素两大类,非传染性因素有饲养管理不善、母体自身疾病、繁殖技术操作不当等;传染性因素由传染性疫病引起。其中,牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)、牛副流感3型病毒(BPIV-3)及布鲁氏菌(Brucella),是引起奶牛繁殖障碍的重要病原。奶牛繁殖障碍给养牛业造成了较大的经济损失,严重影响和制约着奶牛业的持续健康发展,但有关新疆地区致奶牛繁殖障碍的传染性因素尚不清楚。因此,开展奶牛繁殖障碍类传染病的流行病学调查,确定引起奶牛繁殖障碍相关的病原种类及感染情况,对制定有效的防控措施具有重要的指导意义。为调查BVD、IBR、BPI及Brucellosis的感染情况及流行状况,选择北疆4个规模化奶牛场为调查对象,采用现场流行病学调查、血清流行病学调查和分子流行病学调查的方法,研究结果如下:1.现场流行病学调查查明了规模化牛场2011~2013年奶牛流产情况及其发生规律,流产率为9.95%(361/3629),同时流产与胎次、妊娠天数和季节存在较大关系。①流产与胎次之间的关系,流产主要发生在第1~3胎次,以首胎流产情况严重,4胎以后流产情况较少。②流产与妊娠天数之间的关系,流产在妊娠的各个时期都会发生,但集中发生于妊娠的60~120d之间。③流产与季节之间的关系,新疆春夏季节(3~8月)是流产发生的高峰期,以夏季(6~8月)流产最为常见,秋季(9~11月)流产情况很少出现。2.血清流行病学调查4个规模化奶牛场BVD、IBR及BPI感染性抗体的平均阳性率分别是75.4%、87.4%和91.4%,从流产死胎的成母牛、子宫炎牛、1-2月龄患有肺炎的犊牛及尚未饲喂初乳的犊牛等血清样品中,均检测出存在有以上3种病毒的阳性抗体。而从流产死胎的成母牛血清中,检测出存有布鲁氏菌病抗体的平均阳性率为25.1%。3.分子流行病学调查采用实时荧光RT-PCR/PCR检测方法,从流产死胎、1-2月龄患有肺炎的犊牛的鼻拭子等组织病料中,检测出BVDV、IBRV和BPIV-3病原的总阳性率分别为11.29%(28/248)、9.26%(15/162)和10.00%(18/180)。其中,59份流产死胎组织中检测出BVDV、IBRV及BPIV-3病原的阳性率分别为25.42%(15/59)、5.08%(3/59)及25.42%(15/59),而从与配公牛的冻精中,未检测到有上述病原。4.混合感染情况对血清流行病学调查和分子流行病学调查结果进行分析,从发病犊牛的鼻拭子及流产死胎组织中,同时检测出存在有2~3种疫病混合感染的情况;而从犊牛和流产死胎成母牛的血清中,检测出有2~4种疫病混合感染的情况。其中,从流产死胎的成母牛中,检测出同时含有BVD、IBR、BPI及Brucellosis的抗体阳性率为22.6%。结果表明,这些病原在致奶牛繁殖障碍中混合感染现象较为普遍。本研究初步查明了北疆规模化牛场致奶牛繁殖障碍4种疫病的感染情况及流行状况,为相应疫病的防控提供了流行病学数据,对实践生产具有重要的指导作用。
[Abstract]:The reproductive failure of the cow is the common name of a series of symptoms, such as infertility, abortion, stillbirth, and post-partum endometritis, when the cow reaches the normal sexual maturity and the mature age of the body. The causes of the reproductive disorders of the dairy cows are mainly non-communicable and infectious, and the non-communicable factors are poor in feeding management, the parent's own diseases and the improper operation of the reproduction technology, etc., and the infectious factors are caused by the infectious disease. Among them, the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the bovine infectious rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), the bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPIV-3) and the Brucella are an important pathogen causing the breeding barrier of the dairy cows. The breeding barrier of dairy cattle has caused great economic loss to the cattle industry, which seriously affects and restricts the continuous healthy development of the dairy cattle industry, but the infectious factors related to the reproductive barrier of dairy cows in the Xinjiang region are not clear. Therefore, it is of great significance for developing effective prevention and control measures to carry out the epidemiological investigation of the infectious diseases in the breeding of dairy cows, and to determine the pathogenic species and the infection of the dairy cows. In order to investigate the infection and epidemic situation of BVD, IBR, BPI and Brucelosis, four large-scale dairy farms in northern Xinjiang were selected as the subject of investigation. The on-site epidemiological investigation identified the status of the cow abortion in the large-scale cattle farm from 2011 to 2013 and its occurrence, the abortion rate was 9.95% (361/ 3629), and the abortion was related to the number of the fetus, the number of days of pregnancy and the season. The relationship between the abortion and the birth of the fetus, the abortion mainly occurred in the first to three times, and the abortion in the first fetus was serious, and the abortion was less after the 4-day abortion. The relationship between the number of abortion and the number of days of pregnancy may occur at all times of the pregnancy, but the concentration occurs between 60 and 120d of the pregnancy. The relationship between the abortion and the season, the spring and summer festival in Xinjiang (3-8 months) is the peak of the abortion, and the abortion is the most common in summer (6-August), and the abortion in autumn (September-November) is rare. The average positive rates of BVD, IBR and BPI infectious antibodies in 4 large-scale dairy farms were 75.4%, 87.4% and 91.4%, respectively. Positive antibodies with the above three viruses were detected. The average positive rate of the anti-Brucellosis antibody was 25. 1% in the serum of the cow with the stillbirth of the abortion. The total positive rate of BVDV, IBRV and BPIV-3 was 11.29% (28/ 248), 9.26% (15/ 162) and 10.00% (18/ 180), respectively, by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR/ PCR. Of these, the positive rates of BVDV, IBRV and BPIV-3 were 25. 42% (15/ 59), 5. 08% (3/ 59) and 25. 42% (15/ 59), respectively, and the above-mentioned pathogens were not detected from the frozen semen of the same bull. The results of the epidemiological investigation and the molecular epidemiology were analyzed in the case of mixed infection, from the nasal swabs of the calf and the stillbirth of the abortive fetus, 2 to 3 cases of the mixed infection of the epidemic were detected, and from the calf and the fetal bovine serum, and the mixed infection of 2 to 4 kinds of diseases is detected. Among them, the positive rate of the antibodies containing BVD, IBR, BPI and Bruculosis was 22. 6%. The results showed that the mixed infection of these pathogens was more common in the breeding of dairy cows. The present study preliminarily identified the infection and epidemic situation of four diseases caused by the large-scale cattle field in the northern Xinjiang, and provided the epidemiological data for the prevention and control of the corresponding epidemic diseases, and has an important guiding role in the practice production.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.23

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