基于测序技术的畜禽基因组学研究进展
发布时间：2018-11-28 19:05
【摘要】：人类通过数千年的驯化和近代以来有计划性的育种,形成了当今多样化的畜禽品种,从而提供丰富的动物源性蛋白满足人类需求。在过去的100年里,数量遗传学应用于动物育种领域引发了畜禽育种技术的革命,但畜禽机体遗传发育体系相当复杂,一些性状仍然难以通过基于系谱的育种值进行高效选育,遗传潜能尚未充分发掘。人类基因组计划带来的理念和技术极大促进了畜禽基因组学的发展,使得人们可以从全基因组水平精准定位功能变异,挖掘功能元件的生物学意义,为畜禽分子设计育种提供重要的理论基础。本文对近10年来猪(Sus scrofa)、牛(Bos taurus)、牦牛(Bos grunniens)、山羊(Capra hircus)、绵羊(Ovis aries)、鸡(Gallus gallus)、鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)和鹅(Anser cygnoides)等主要畜禽的基因组学研究进展进行综述,分别从参考基因组构建和群体基因组学分析两个方面进行论述,并对畜禽基因组未来的研究工作进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Through thousands of years of domestication and modern planned breeding, human beings have formed a variety of livestock and poultry breeds, thus providing abundant animal-derived proteins to meet human needs. In the past 100 years, the application of quantitative genetics in animal breeding has led to a revolution in animal breeding technology, but the genetic and developmental system of livestock and poultry organism is very complex, and some traits are still difficult to be efficiently selected through breeding value based on pedigree. Genetic potential has not yet been fully exploited. The concept and technology brought about by the Human Genome Project have greatly promoted the development of animal genomics, making it possible for people to accurately locate functional variations at the whole genome level and to tap the biological significance of functional elements. It provides an important theoretical basis for molecular design and breeding of livestock and poultry. In this paper, the genomics research progress of the main livestock and poultry such as (Gallus gallus), (Anas platyrhynchos) and (Anser cygnoides) of (Capra hircus), sheep, (Ovis aries), chicken, (Gallus gallus), duck and goose (Anser cygnoides) were reviewed in recent 10 years, such as porcine (Sus scrofa), cattle, (Bos taurus), yak, (Bos grunniens), goat, (Capra hircus), sheep, (Gallus gallus), duck and goose (Anser cygnoides). The construction of reference genome and the analysis of population genomics were discussed, and the future research work of animal genome was prospected.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所农业部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家禽)重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:31672410) 国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2015BAD03B06) 国家水禽产业技术体系项目(编号:CARS-43-01)资助~~
【分类号】：S813
本文编号：2363992
[Abstract]:Through thousands of years of domestication and modern planned breeding, human beings have formed a variety of livestock and poultry breeds, thus providing abundant animal-derived proteins to meet human needs. In the past 100 years, the application of quantitative genetics in animal breeding has led to a revolution in animal breeding technology, but the genetic and developmental system of livestock and poultry organism is very complex, and some traits are still difficult to be efficiently selected through breeding value based on pedigree. Genetic potential has not yet been fully exploited. The concept and technology brought about by the Human Genome Project have greatly promoted the development of animal genomics, making it possible for people to accurately locate functional variations at the whole genome level and to tap the biological significance of functional elements. It provides an important theoretical basis for molecular design and breeding of livestock and poultry. In this paper, the genomics research progress of the main livestock and poultry such as (Gallus gallus), (Anas platyrhynchos) and (Anser cygnoides) of (Capra hircus), sheep, (Ovis aries), chicken, (Gallus gallus), duck and goose (Anser cygnoides) were reviewed in recent 10 years, such as porcine (Sus scrofa), cattle, (Bos taurus), yak, (Bos grunniens), goat, (Capra hircus), sheep, (Gallus gallus), duck and goose (Anser cygnoides). The construction of reference genome and the analysis of population genomics were discussed, and the future research work of animal genome was prospected.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所农业部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家禽)重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:31672410) 国家科技支撑计划项目(编号:2015BAD03B06) 国家水禽产业技术体系项目(编号:CARS-43-01)资助~~
【分类号】：S813
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