乳酸菌和水稻秸秆对多花黑麦草青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响

发布时间：2018-12-07 09:16

【摘要】：本研究通过乳酸菌添加剂青贮、混合青贮的方式来使高水分的多花黑麦草的青贮品质和有氧稳定性得到提高,并通过研究三个不同茬次的青贮效果筛选出最适合青贮的刈割茬次,旨在为我国西南地区多花黑麦草的合理利用和大规模青贮推广应用提供技术支撑。结论如下:1、乳酸菌对多花黑麦草青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响在高含水量(85.23%)的条件下,无论是否添加乳酸菌,丁酸的含量和氨态氮/总氮均未能达到优质青贮的条件,但乳酸菌添加组青贮品质优于未添加组;当含水量为74.70%时,添加乳酸菌组的pH值、丁酸以及氨态氮/总氮显著低于对照组,乳酸含量极显著高于对照组,青贮品质优于未添加组,且随着添加浓度的增加青贮品质更佳;在含水量为65.70%的条件下,无论是否添加乳酸菌添加剂,青贮饲料均能获得较好的青贮品质,但乳酸菌添加组的pH值、氨态氮/总氮均显著低于对照组,青贮品质较对照组更佳。添加乳酸菌可以提高多花黑麦草青贮饲料的品质,使乳酸含量上升,丁酸、氨态氮含量下降等;但对青贮饲料的有氧稳定性并无改善作用,且促进了二次发酵。含水量65.70%+107 cfu/g鲜样处理的青贮效果最佳。2、水稻秸秆对多花黑麦草青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响多花黑麦草与水稻秸秆混合青贮,可显著降低青贮饲料的氨态氮和丁酸含量,其中R2(多花黑麦草:水稻秸秆为8:2)的氨态氮/总氮最低,R3(多花黑麦草:水稻秸秆为7:3)的丁酸含量最低,且R3的V-score评分显著高于其他处理,添加水稻秸秆能使青贮饲料发酵品质显著提高;混合青贮可降低pH值和氨态氮/总氮的上升速度,降低干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量的下降幅度,在一定程度上抑制二次发酵,提高青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。从青贮品质、有氧稳定性以及秸秆利用最大化的角度出发,建议多花黑麦草与水稻秸秆以7:3进行混贮。3、不同刈割茬次对多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响对三茬多花黑麦草原料进行青贮,比较其品质,结果显示,第二茬青贮饲料的pH值、氨态氮/总氮、丁酸含量低于其他茬次,在含水量为75%的条件下,以上指标差异显著;在含水量为65%的条件下,仅第二茬青贮饲料的pH值低于4.2。青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量第二茬最高,差异显著,且含水量为65%的青贮品质优于75%。因此,以第二茬作为青贮材料效果最佳。
[Abstract]:In this study, the silage quality and aerobic stability of high water content ryegrass were improved by lactic acid bacteria additive silage and mixed silage. In order to provide technical support for rational utilization and large-scale silage application of ryegrass in Southwest China, the best mowing times for silage were selected by studying the silage effects of three different crop stages. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The effects of lactic acid bacteria on the silage quality and aerobic stability of ryegrass were studied under the condition of high water content (85.23%), whether or not lactic acid bacteria were added. The content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen could not reach the condition of high quality silage, but the silage quality of lactic acid bacteria adding group was better than that of no adding group. When the water content was 74.70, the pH value, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen of the lactobacillus group were significantly lower than those of the control group, the content of lactic acid was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the silage quality was better than that of the control group. The silage quality was better with the increase of the concentration. Under the condition of water content of 65.70%, the silage could obtain better silage quality whether or not lactic acid bacteria additive was added, but the pH value and ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen of the lactobacillus added group were significantly lower than that of the control group. The silage quality was better than that of the control group. The addition of lactic acid bacteria could improve the quality of ryegrass silage, increase the content of lactic acid, decrease the content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen, but had no effect on the aerobic stability of silage and promote the secondary fermentation. The effects of rice straw on the silage quality and aerobic stability of ryegrass were studied. The content of ammonia nitrogen and butyric acid in silage was significantly decreased, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and butyric acid in R2 (Ryegrass polyflower: 8:2 rice straw) was the lowest, and the butyric acid content in R3 (Polyflower ryegrass: Rice straw 7:3) was the lowest. The V-score of R3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the fermentation quality of silage could be improved by adding rice straw. The mixed silage could reduce the pH value and the rising rate of ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen, decrease the content of dry matter and soluble carbohydrate, inhibit the secondary fermentation to a certain extent, and improve the aerobic stability of silage. From the view of silage quality, aerobic stability and maximization of straw utilization, it is suggested that more ryegrass and rice straw should be mixed at 7:3. Effects of different cutting times on silage quality of Lolium multifloral ryegrass. The results showed that the pH value, ammonia nitrogen / total nitrogen and butyric acid content of the second crop silage were lower than those of the other crops. Under the condition of 75% water content, the difference of the above indexes is significant. Under the condition of water content of 65%, the pH value of the second silage was lower than 4.2. The content of crude protein in the second crop of silage was the highest, the difference was significant, and the silage quality of 65% water content was better than that of 75%. Therefore, the second crop is the best silage material.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S816.53

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