阿左旗荒漠草原牛心朴子和变异黄芪的分布调查及其青贮利用

发布时间：2018-12-16 23:52

【摘要】：牛心朴子和变异黄芪是我国西部地区的毒害草,主要分布在我国内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃等地区。变异黄芪的主要毒性物质是苦马豆素,而牛心朴子的主要毒性物质目前尚未确定,牲畜误食这两种毒害草都会中毒甚至死亡,对草地畜牧业造成了很大的损失。毒害草是特定草原生态群落的重要组成部分,有其存在的意义。目前对这两种毒害草的主要研究在其毒性方面及其防控方法方面,而对毒害草具体的开发利用较少,且自2008年后对阿左旗的毒草调查暂无更新,本文就牛心朴子和变异黄芪在左旗荒漠草原的分布情况进行了实地样方调查,以期为当地的草地管理提供依据。本文还研究探讨了不同添加剂对牛心朴子和变异黄芪青贮的影响,从青贮发酵品质、营养价值和有毒物质是否减少或降解来说明青贮的效果,为这两种毒害草的开发利用提供一定理论依据。本研究主要取得以下成果：1经过两年的调查可知变异黄芪在阿左旗荒漠草原的分布面积为0.13-1.02万公顷,牛心朴子的分布面积在3.95-4.63万公顷,此结果同之前的调查结果相差很大,可能与调查区域范围和调查所用方法不同有关。通过分析不同相对多度的牛心朴子和变异黄芪对其群落物种多样性的影响的结果可知,群落内的物种多样性并未受到牛心朴子和变异黄芪的显著影响。2在实验室条件下添加乳酸菌制剂(浓度为1mg/kg、23mg/kg、45mg/kg)和纤维素酶(浓度为25mg/kg、50mg/kg、 100mg/kg)对牛心朴子进行青贮。青贮60天后开盖测定青贮料的发酵品质指标(感官鉴定、pH值、可溶性碳水化合物、氨态氮含量、乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量)和营养成分指标(干物质、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和磷的含量)。结果表明：两种添加剂对牛心朴子青贮效果都有一定的影响,综合考虑各个指标,中高浓度的两种添加剂都能显著改善牛心朴子青贮的效果,以高浓度组的效果最好。3在实验室条件下添加乳酸菌制剂(浓度为1mg/kg、23mg/kg、45mg/kg)、纤维素酶(浓度为25mg/kg、50mg/kg、100mg/kg)、腈菌唑(浓度为4μl/ml、8μl/ml、10μl/ml)和嘧菌酯(浓度为1μg/ml、2.5μg/ml、5ng/ml)对变异黄芪进行青贮。青贮60天后开盖测定青贮料的发酵品质指标(感官鉴定、pH值、可溶性碳水化合物、氨态氮含量、乳酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量)、营养成分指标(干物质、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和磷的含量)和苦马豆素的含量。结果表明：中高浓度的乳酸菌制剂和纤维素酶都可以改善变异黄芪的青贮效果,以高浓度组的效果最好,而各个浓度的腈菌唑和嘧菌酯处理都没有提高变异黄芪的青贮效果,而且结果表明青贮并不能降低或降解变异黄芪中苦马豆素的含量。
[Abstract]:Prunus niuxinensis and Astragalus membranaceus are toxic grass in western China, mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other regions. The main toxic substance of Astragalus membranaceus is hyacinine, but the main toxic substance of Prunus chinensis is not determined at present. Livestock can be poisoned or even died by eating these two poisonous grass by mistake, which has caused great losses to grassland animal husbandry. Poisonous grass is an important part of special grassland ecological community, and has its existence significance. At present, the main research on these two poisonous grass is in its toxicity aspect and its prevention and control method, but the specific development and utilization of the poison grass is relatively few, and since 2008, there has been no update of the poisonous grass investigation on the Azuo flag. In this paper, the distribution of Niu Xin Pu Zi and Astragalus membranaceus in Zuo Banner desert steppe was investigated in order to provide the basis for local grassland management. The effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, nutritional value and toxic substances of the silage were also studied. It provides some theoretical basis for the development and utilization of these two poisonous grasses. The main results of this study were as follows: 1 after two years of investigation, the distribution of Astragalus membranaceus in the desert steppe of Azuo Banner was 0.13-10.02 million hectares, and the distribution area of Prunus Niuxin was 39.5 to 463 thousand hectares. This result is very different from the previous survey results and may be related to the regional scope of the survey and the methods used in the survey. By analyzing the effects of different relative abundance of Prunus kusinensis and Astragalus membranaceus on the species diversity of its community, we can know that, Species diversity in the community was not significantly affected by Prunus chinensis and Astragalus mutans. 2 Lactic acid bacteria (1 mg / kg, 23 mg / kg, 45 mg / kg) and cellulase (25 mg / kg / kg, 50 mg / kg) were added under laboratory conditions. 100mg/kg). The fermentation quality indexes (sensory identification, pH value, soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen content, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid) and nutritional components (dry matter, ash, crude protein) were determined after 60 days of silage. Crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus content). The results showed that the two additives had a certain influence on the silage effect of Cowherd Park seed silage. Considering each index synthetically, two kinds of additives of middle and high concentration could significantly improve the silage effect of Cow Heart Park seed silage. The best effect was in the high concentration group. 3 adding lactic acid bacteria (1 mg / kg ~ (23) mg / kg ~ (45 mg / kg), cellulase (25 mg / kg ~ (50 mg / kg) / kg ~ (100 mg / kg), nitrilonitrile (4 渭 l 路ml ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) in laboratory condition. 8 渭 l / ml (10 渭 l/ml) and 1 渭 g / ml (2.5 渭 g / ml) of azoxystrobin (1 渭 g / ml) were used to silage Astragalus mutans. The fermentation quality index (sensory identification, pH value, soluble carbohydrate, ammonia nitrogen content, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid content), nutrition index (dry matter, ash, crude protein) were determined after 60 days of silage. Content of crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, calcium and phosphorus) and kelabinine. The results showed that both medium and high concentrations of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase could improve the silage effect of Astragalus mutans. The results showed that the silage could not decrease or degrade the content of kelabinol in Astragalus membranaceus.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812

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