不同平养方式对鸡舍环境和肉鸡福利的影响

发布时间：2019-01-09 14:56

【摘要】：为了讨论不同饲养方式对鸡舍环境、肉鸡福利和生产性能的影响,以确定和推广更加优化的肉鸡平养方式。本试验在地面平养鸡舍和网上平养鸡内进行,在两栋鸡舍内建立现场监测实验室,对鸡舍内有害气体进行监测,并对两栋鸡舍的肉鸡福利和生产性能进行测定。其中鸡舍环境方面选用便携式气体监测仪,每个鸡舍设置一个气体采样点,每个气体采集点分析5分钟,每30分钟循环一次,直到肉鸡出栏。由仪器连续监测的指标包括鸡舍内氨气、二氧化碳、通风量,并在每个鸡舍内4个点测定鸡舍温度和湿度,每5分钟记录一次,直到肉鸡出栏；肉鸡福利和生产性能的测定分为两组,每组4个重复,其中福利指标包括,聚群、气促、羽毛清洁度、脚垫损伤、关节损伤、步态评分、避性距离测试；生产性能的指标包括体重、体增重、料肉比、死亡率。研究结果显示：(1)不同季节同一饲养方式下,地面平养鸡舍的氨气浓度冬季最高,春、夏、秋次之,网上平养鸡舍春、冬季的氨气浓度高于夏季和秋季(P0.05)；二者鸡舍内二氧化碳浓度、温度、湿度和通风量因季节变化产生的差异相同：其中二氧化碳浓度均为冬季最高,春季和秋季次之,夏季最低(P0.05)；春季和夏季的舍内温度高于秋季和冬季(P0.05)；鸡舍内湿度均为夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最低(P0.05)；各个季节通风量从大到小分别为夏季、春季、秋季、冬季(P0.05)(2)相同季节的不同饲养方式下,网上平养组在各个季节的氨气浓度均高于地面平养组(P0.05)；两组间的二氧化碳浓度、温度和通风量无差异(P0.05)；地面平养鸡舍的湿度在冬季时高于网上平养组(P0.05),在其他季节无差异；在全年饲养过程中,地面平养组的氨气浓度低于网上平养组,湿度高于网上平养组(P0.05),其他环境指标方面无差异。(3)不同饲养方式对肉鸡福利造成的影响,网上平养组的聚群率高于地面平养组,气促率低于地面平养组,但差异均不显著(P0.05)；网上平养组的肉鸡羽毛清洁度在各个周龄均优于地面平养组(P0.05),且随着肉鸡生长,羽毛清洁度的差异越来越明显(5-6周龄,P0.01)；网上平养组肉鸡脚垫损伤程度低于地面平养组,并在5-6周龄时达到显著水平(P0.05)；网上平养与地面平养的关节损伤无显著差异(P0.05)；网上平养组的肉鸡行走能力在有低于地面平养组的趋势(5周龄,P=0.0644；6周龄,P=0.0525)；地面平养组可触摸到的肉鸡稍多于地面平养组,但差异不显著(P0.05)(4)不同饲养方式下对肉鸡生产性能无明显影响,两种饲养方式的肉鸡各周龄体重、体增重差异不显著(P0.05)；各个周龄及饲养全程的饲料利用率和肉鸡死亡率也无显著差异(P0.05)。试验证明：在全年饲养过程中,网上平养组的氨气浓度高于地面平养组,湿度低于地面平养组,其他环境指标方面无差异；不同饲养方式会对肉鸡福利造成影响,综合比较,网上平养的肉鸡福利水平更高；不同饲养方式下对肉鸡生产性能无明显影响。
[Abstract]:In order to discuss the effects of different feeding ways on the environment of the chicken house, the welfare of the broiler and the performance of the production, to determine and promote the more optimized laying method of the broiler. The test is carried out in the ground level chicken house and the online level-raising chicken, and the on-site monitoring laboratory is established in two chicken houses, and the harmful gas in the chicken house is monitored, and the welfare and the production performance of the broiler chickens of the two chicken houses are measured. in which a portable gas monitor is selected in the aspect of a chicken house, a gas sampling point is arranged in each chicken house, and each gas collection point is analyzed for 5 minutes and is circulated once every 30 minutes until the broiler is out of the column. the indexes of the continuous monitoring of the instrument include the ammonia, carbon dioxide and the ventilation amount in the chicken house, and the temperature and the humidity of the chicken house are measured at four points in each chicken house, and the chicken house temperature and the humidity are recorded every five minutes until the broiler is discharged; the measurement of the welfare and the production performance of the broiler chickens is divided into two groups, each group is 4 repetitions, Among them, welfare indicators include, group, gas, feather cleanliness, foot pad injury, joint injury, gait score, and avoidance distance test; the index of production performance includes body weight, body weight gain, material and meat ratio, and death rate. The results showed that: (1) The ammonia concentration in the ground level-raising chicken house was the highest in winter, spring, summer and autumn in the same feeding way in different seasons, and the concentration of ammonia in the winter was higher than that in summer and autumn (P0.05). The concentration and temperature of carbon dioxide in the chicken house were higher than that in summer and autumn (P0.05). The difference of humidity and ventilation was the same as the seasonal variation: the concentration of carbon dioxide was the highest in winter, the second in spring and autumn, and the lowest in summer (P0.05); in spring and summer, the temperature was higher than that in autumn and winter (P0.05); and the humidity in the chicken house was the highest in summer. The second is spring and autumn, the lowest in winter (P0.05); the ventilation volume of each season is different from the big to the small in summer, spring, autumn and winter (P0.05) (2) in the same season, the concentration of ammonia in each season is higher than that of the ground level (P0.05); The concentration of carbon dioxide, the temperature and the ventilation in the two groups were not different (P0.05); the humidity of the ground level and the chicken house was higher than that of the online level (P0.05) in winter, and there was no difference in other seasons; during the whole year, the ammonia concentration of the ground flat-raising group was lower than that of the online level-raising group. The humidity was higher than that of the online level (P0.05), and there was no difference in other environmental indexes. (3) The effect of different feeding methods on the welfare of the broiler chickens was higher than that of the ground flat-raising group (P <0.05). In addition, with the growth of the broiler, the difference of feather cleanliness was more and more obvious (5-6 weeks old, P0.01), and the damage degree of the foot pad of the online flat-raising group was lower than that of the ground flat-raising group, and reached a significant level at the age of 5-6 weeks (P0.05); there was no significant difference in the joint injury between the online level and the ground level (P0.05); The walking ability of the broiler chickens in the online level group was lower than that of the ground level (5 weeks, P = 0.0644; 6 weeks, P = 0. 0525); the level of the broiler in the ground level group was slightly higher than that of the ground level, but the difference was not significant (P0.05) (4) There was no significant effect on the performance of the broiler in different feeding modes. There was no significant difference in body weight and body weight gain (P0.05). The results show that in the whole year, the concentration of ammonia gas in the online level group is higher than that of the ground level, and the humidity is lower than that of the ground level and the other environmental indexes. and the production performance of the broiler chickens has no obvious influence on the production performance of the broilers under different feeding modes.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831

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