西门塔尔及其杂交牛肉质营养成分分析及西门塔尔特征部位差异蛋白的鉴定

发布时间：2019-01-27 13:17

【摘要】：本试验旨在研究西门塔尔及其杂交一代牛-和西杂牛(西门塔尔♀×和牛♂)和安西杂牛(西门塔尔♀×安格斯♂)特征部位肉质营养成分、矿物质、维生素和重金属含量的差异,为商品牛选育过程中肉质营养成分改善提供参考。随机选取断奶后饲养至13月龄、平均体重为330kg健康无病的西门塔尔、和西杂牛和安西杂牛各9头(共计27头),均为未阉割公牛,相同营养标准下舍饲散养育肥210天后,集中屠宰,采集左半胴体相同部位的背最长肌、股二头肌、里脊、牛腩进行检测。试验结果如下:1.在3种肉牛间,常规营养成分、矿物质含量差异不显著(P0.05),股二头肌中维生素含量差异亦不显著(P0.05)。安西杂牛、和西杂牛粗蛋白、粗灰分含量均高于西门塔尔牛,尤其是安西杂牛。安西杂牛中维生素A、维生素E的含量均高于西门塔尔。氨基酸测定中只有组氨酸含量显示出差异显著的趋势(P=0.06),杂交牛的鲜味氨基酸含量高于西门塔尔牛,尤其是安西杂牛。不同肉牛之间,安西杂牛粗蛋白、粗灰分含量、鲜味氨基酸的含量均较高,具有较好的营养价值。在不同特征部位之间,常规营养成分和矿物质含量差异显著(P0.05),粗脂肪、粗灰分及钙、磷的含量差异极显著(P0.01),甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸5种氨基酸的含量差异显著(P0.05)。股二头肌粗蛋白含量较高、粗脂肪含量较低,更符合人们低脂肪的消费要求。牛腩脂肪含量高于3%,钙含量较高,鲜味氨基酸含量更为丰富,牛腩肉质风味较好。2.和西杂牛的Pb、As、Cr含量显著低于西门塔尔牛(P0.05),安西杂牛Cd含量显著高于西门塔尔牛(P0.05),和西杂牛Hg含量显著高于西门塔尔牛(P0.05);两杂牛间比较,安西杂牛的Pb、Cr含量显著高于和西杂牛(P0.05)。西门塔尔牛及其杂交肉牛在相同饲养环境下,背最长肌中重金属离子蓄积量没有呈现相同的规律。背最长肌Pb、Cd含量与粗饲料相关性较高,Cr、As含量与精饲料相关性较高,Hg含量与水体相关性较高。3.运用iTRAQ技术对西门塔尔牛牛腩和里脊两个部位进行蛋白质相对定量分析,鉴定到肽段数量15255个,蛋白质组数量为1663。以表达量差异倍数1.5为标准对两个部位进行了差异蛋白统计,共得到128个差异蛋白,44个为上调蛋白,84个为下调蛋白。对差异蛋白进行GO和KEGG功能富集分析,结果表明分离鉴定的差异表达蛋白在氧化还原过程中所占比例较高。
[Abstract]:The aim of this study was to study the meat nutrient and mineral matter in the characteristic parts of Simmental and its crossbred cattle, namely, Simmental 脳 Hew and Anxi crossbred cattle (Simmental 脳 Angus). The difference of vitamin and heavy metal content provides a reference for the improvement of meat nutrition in the course of commercial cattle breeding. Simmental, a healthy and disease-free 330kg group, was randomly selected for feeding after weaning to 13 months of age, and 9 (27) male and 9 (27) sirloin and Anxi inbred cattle, all of which were uncastrated bulls, which were fed in bulk fattening under the same nutritional standard for 210 days. The longissimus dorsi muscle, biceps femoris muscle, ridge and brisket were collected from the carcass. The results are as follows: 1. Among the three kinds of beef cattle, there was no significant difference in the contents of conventional nutrients and minerals (P0.05), and there was no significant difference in vitamin contents in the biceps femoris (P0.05). The content of crude protein and crude ash in Anxi crossbred cattle, especially in Anxi cross cattle, was higher than that in Simmental cattle, especially in Anxi crossbred cattle. The contents of vitamin A and vitamin E in Anxi cattle were higher than those in Simmental. Only the content of histidine showed significant difference (P0. 06) in the determination of amino acids. The fresh amino acid content of crossbred cattle was higher than that of Simmental cattle, especially Anxi crossbred cattle. Among different beef cattle, the crude protein, crude ash content and fresh amino acid content of Anxi crossbred cattle were higher and had better nutritional value. There were significant differences in the contents of conventional nutrients and minerals (P0.05), crude fat, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus (P0.01), glycine, cysteine, isoleucine, lysine, and the contents of glycine, cysteine, isoleucine and lysine in different characteristic parts. The content of proline in 5 amino acids was significantly different (P0.05). The content of crude protein in biceps femoris is higher and the content of crude fat is lower. The fat content of beef brisket is higher than 3%, the calcium content is higher, the fresh amino acid content is more abundant, the beef brisket meat quality flavor is better. 2. The Pb,As,Cr content of the mixed cattle was significantly lower than that of the Simmental cattle (P0.05), the content of Cd of Anxi crossbred was significantly higher than that of the Simmental cattle (P0.05), and the Hg content of the mixed cattle was significantly higher than that of the Simmental cattle (P0.05). The Pb,Cr content of Anxi crossbred cattle was significantly higher than that of western crossbred cattle (P0.05). Under the same feeding environment, the accumulation of heavy metal ions in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Simmental cattle and its crossbred beef cattle did not show the same rule. The correlation between Pb,Cd content of longissimus dorsi muscle and roughage was higher, that of Cr,As content with concentrate was higher, and that of Hg content with water was higher. The relative quantitative analysis of protein in two parts of Simmental beef brisket and ridge was carried out by using iTRAQ technique. The number of peptide segments was 15255 and the number of proteome was 166363. According to the standard of 1.5 times of expression difference, 128 differentially expressed proteins were obtained, 44 of them were up-regulated proteins and 84 were down-regulated proteins. The results of GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins accounted for a high proportion in the redox process.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S823

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