阿拉山口鼠棘球蚴病本底调查及媒介生物性传染病风险分析系统的建立

发布时间：2019-02-13 02:56

【摘要】：棘球蚴病是一类呈世界性分布,并严重危害公共卫生的人兽共患寄生虫病。其病原棘球绦虫的生活史复杂,能以多种野生动物为其中间宿主。阿拉山口口岸作为国家一类陆路口岸,拥有丰富的野生物种资源。同时,随着国际贸易的增加,阿拉山口口岸进出口货物量激增,也加剧了媒介生物性传染病的传入风险。然而,目前国内口岸媒介生物本底状况并不完善,也缺少完备的风险评估体系来指导相关检疫工作。本研究即针对新疆阿拉山口口岸地区鼠类棘球蚴感染情况进行系统调查;同时又根据目前国际形势,结合我国国境口岸自身状况,建立了国境口岸地区媒介生物性传染病风险分析系统,并运用该系统对阿拉山口口岸地区鼠类携带棘球蚴病的传播风险开展分析。首先,本研究选择阿拉山口口岸三个不同区域(野外区、城郊综合区和城区)在2013、2014年采集鼠类样本。对所有鼠样进行剖检观察,提取肝脏基因组DNA,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增棘球蚴线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚单位1(Cox1)、NADH脱氢酶(ND1)等基因并测序。其次,为了建立风险分析系统,本研究参照澳大利亚和新西兰联合开发的风险管理标准AS/NZS4360,同时在对比国内外多个风险分析系统的基础上,结合调研、统计分析等方法建立风险分析系统。并运用此系统对阿拉山口鼠棘球蚴传播风险进行分析。得到结果如下:1.对阿拉山口不同区域(野外区、城郊综合区和城区)采集鼠样结果捕获率分别为0.79%、1.21%、3.60%;剖检发现8份样品具有包囊,剖检阳性率为2.08%;分子鉴定发现有10份样品呈PCR阳性,阳性率为2.60%,Cox1基因Blast分析,中有8份样品与青海检测的苏俄多房棘球绦虫的相似性最高,同源性为85%(登录号:JQ 690286.1);ND1基因Blast分析,2份样品与多房棘球蚴相似性最高,同源性为100%(登录号:AB 720065.1);经统计学分析,野外区、城郊综合区鼠类感染率分别为2.74%和2.38%,而城区未检测到病原体。阿拉山口口岸野外区野鼠棘球蚴感染率最高,易感鼠种为大沙鼠。2.建立了一套半定量多指标综合评估系统——国境口岸地区媒介生物性传染病传入风险分析系统。本系统对阿拉山口鼠棘球蚴传播风险进行应用分析,得出“低危险度风险”结果,并给出相应风险管理建议。本研究运用所建立的风险评估系统对国境口岸地区媒介生物性传染病传入风险进行预警评估的同时,也与现有系统开展了对比。经检验,本研究所建系统结果可信且过程更合理。本研究中建立的风险分析系统扩充了我国风险分析系统,同时也为阿拉山口棘球蚴病的防控工作提供相关信息和决策依据。
[Abstract]:Echinococcosis is a class of zoonotic parasitic disease which is distributed worldwide and seriously endangers public health. The pathogen Echinococcus solium has a complex life history and can be intermediate host of a variety of wild animals. As a first-class land port, Alashankou Port has abundant wild species resources. At the same time, with the increase of international trade, the volume of import and export goods at Alashankou Port increased sharply, which also aggravated the risk of the introduction of vector biological infectious diseases. However, at present, the status of vector biology in domestic ports is not perfect, and there is also a lack of a complete risk assessment system to guide the quarantine work. In this study, a systematic investigation was carried out on the infection of rat echinococcosis in Alashankou port area, Xinjiang. At the same time, according to the current international situation and the situation of our country's border ports, the risk analysis system of vector biological infectious diseases in border port areas is established. The transmission risk of rat-bearing echinococcosis in Alashankou port was analyzed by using the system. Firstly, three different areas of Alashankou Port (wild area, suburban comprehensive area and urban area) were selected to collect rat samples in 2013 and 2014. The genomic DNA, of the liver was extracted and sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), NADH dehydrogenase) (ND1) was amplified and sequenced. Secondly, in order to establish a risk analysis system, this study, referring to the risk management standard AS/NZS4360, developed jointly by Australia and New Zealand, combined with the research on the basis of comparing many risk analysis systems at home and abroad. The risk analysis system is established by statistical analysis and other methods. The transmission risk of echinococcosis in Alashankou rat was analyzed by using this system. The results are as follows: 1. The capture rate of rat samples collected from different areas of Alashan pass (field area, suburb comprehensive area and urban area) was 0.79, 1.21 and 3.60, respectively, and 8 samples were found to have cysts, and the positive rate was 2.08. 10 samples were found to be PCR positive by molecular identification, the positive rate was 2.60% and Cox1 gene Blast analysis showed that 8 samples had the highest similarity with Echinococcus soxinata detected in Qinghai Province, and the homology was 85% (accession number: JQ 690286.1). ND1 gene Blast analysis showed that the two samples had the highest similarity with hydatid multilocularis with 100% homology (accession number: AB 720065.1). By statistical analysis, the rodent infection rate was 2.74% and 2.38% in the field area and the suburb comprehensive area respectively, but no pathogen was detected in the urban area. The infection rate of wild rat echinococcus was the highest in the field area of Alashankou port, and the susceptible species was gerbils. A set of semi-quantitative multi-index comprehensive evaluation system-risk analysis system of vector biological infectious diseases in frontier port area was established. The risk of transmission of echinococcosis in Alashankou rat was analyzed, and the result of "low risk" was obtained, and the corresponding risk management suggestions were given. In this study, the risk assessment system is used to assess the risk of vector biological infectious diseases in frontier port area. At the same time, it is compared with the existing system. It is proved that the results of the system are reliable and the process is more reasonable. The risk analysis system established in this study not only expands the risk analysis system in China, but also provides relevant information and decision basis for the prevention and control of Alashankou echinococcosis.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S855.9

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