哈尔滨市部分宠物门诊犬瘟热病例流行病学调查与防制

发布时间：2019-02-22 20:04

【摘要】：犬瘟热(Canine distemper,CD)是由犬科、鼬科和部分浣熊科动物感染犬瘟热病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV)所引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,临床典型症状表现为双相热、结膜炎、鼻炎、卡他性肺炎、消化道炎症、皮肤丘疹和神经症状。近年来,随着宠物犬养殖数量的不断增大,广泛存在不接种疫苗、免疫接种效果参差不齐的现象,门诊接诊中常见犬瘟热出现,严重威胁着犬的健康。鉴于宠物犬分散饲养的特点,且为了有效防治CD,本研究选择了哈尔滨市区部分动物门诊的2012年10月~2014年9月的8694例门诊病例犬为研究群体,就宠物CD发病情况分别从性别、年龄、免疫状况和季节性等方面以及CD发病犬的主要临床症状和治疗方案等方面进行回顾性临床流行病学调查。此外,对无CD发病犬的血清CDV抗体水平进行现况调查分析,结合流行病学调查结论提出相关综合防制措施。CD发病情况调查表明:市区内部分门诊就诊犬中CD发病犬所占门诊病例总数的5.96%;在不同性别的犬中CD发病率接近,无显著差异;本病一年四季均可流行,其中以冬、春季节中CD发病率较高,具有一定的季节性,与夏秋季节的发病率相比呈差异极显著(P0.01);随着犬年龄增长,CD发病率明显下降,其中2~6月龄犬为CD发病的主要群体,占全部CD发病总数的50.67%;6~12月龄犬中CD发病占全部CD发病总数的23.12%;12月龄以上的成年犬中CD发病率占全部CD发病总数的5.78%,虽然2月龄以下犬中CD发病仅占全部CD发病总数的10.98%,但是其病死率高达80.70%。在品种方面调查发现纯种犬发病率与杂交犬和土犬相比,三者之间的差异均不显著,但纯种犬病死率与杂交犬相比呈差异显著(P0.05);调查还发现随着犬只接受疫苗免疫次数增加,CD发病率出现显著下降。在对感染CDV的患犬进行临床症状和治疗调查发现:所有犬只均表现出CD的典型症状包括发热(双相热)、呼吸系统感染和神经症状,其中7.13%的CD发病犬在感染初期可伴有腹泻和呕吐等临床少见的消化系统症状;治疗阶段患犬普遍继发细菌感染,白细胞总数先升高后降低;疗程调查发现在全部治愈犬中,70%以上的患犬治疗周期大于10d,治疗原则均采用了抗病毒、控制细菌继发感染,并给予支持治疗的方法;应用CDV单克隆抗体配合干扰素治疗的犬只治愈率达70%,是目前临床治疗CD的最优方案。随机对临床上100例无CDV感染犬的血清特异性抗体水平进行现况调查发现:56%受调查犬血清CDV抗体具有中高水平,能够抵抗CDV感染;而24%受调查犬具有较低水平的CDV血清抗体,余下20%犬只血清中未能检出CDV抗体,此两部分犬存在CDV感染的风险。最后,结合流行病学调查结果和疫苗免疫抗体水平调查结果提出了CD综合防制措施建议。
[Abstract]:Canine distemper (Canine distemper,CD) is an acute, hot, highly contact infectious disease caused by canine distemper virus (Canine distemper virus,CDV), which is characterized by biphasic fever and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis, catarrhal pneumonia, alimentary tract inflammation, skin papules and neurological symptoms. In recent years, with the increasing number of pet dog breeding, the phenomenon of non-vaccination and uneven immunization effect exists widely. The common canine distemper appears in outpatient consultation, which is a serious threat to the health of dogs. In view of the characteristics of scattered feeding of pet dogs, and in order to prevent and cure CD, effectively, 8694 outpatient dogs from October 2012 to September 2014 were selected from some animal outpatient clinics in Harbin urban area as a study group. The incidence of CD in pets was analyzed by sex. Age, immune status and seasonality, and the main clinical symptoms and treatment plans of dogs with CD were investigated retrospectively. In addition, the serum CDV antibody levels in dogs without CD were investigated and analyzed. Combined with the conclusion of epidemiological investigation, the related comprehensive prevention measures were put forward. The investigation on the incidence of CD showed that the incidence rate of CD dogs was 5.96% of the total number of outpatient cases in some outpatient dogs in the urban area. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CD between different genders. The incidence of CD in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn (P0.01). With the increase of age, the incidence of CD decreased obviously. 2 months old dogs were the main group of CD, accounting for 50.67% of all CD cases and 23.12% of all CD cases in 12-month-old dogs. The incidence of CD in adult dogs aged over 12 months accounted for 5.78% of all cases of CD. Although the incidence of CD in dogs under the age of 2 months only accounted for 10.98% of all cases of CD, the fatality rate was as high as 80.70%. In terms of breed, the incidence rate of purebred dogs was not significantly different from that of crossbred dogs and native dogs, but the fatality rate of purebred dogs was significantly different from that of crossbred dogs (P0.05). The investigation also found that the incidence of CD decreased significantly as the number of vaccinations increased in dogs. A survey of clinical symptoms and treatment of dogs infected with CDV showed that all dogs showed typical symptoms of CD, including fever (bipolar fever), respiratory infection and neurological symptoms. 7.13% of the dogs with CD had rare digestive system symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in the early stage of infection. In the treatment stage, the number of white blood cells increased first and then decreased. It was found that more than 70% of all cured dogs had a treatment period of more than 10 days. The principles of treatment were anti-virus, controlling bacterial secondary infection, and giving support treatment. The cure rate of dog treated with CDV monoclonal antibody combined with interferon is 70%, which is the best regimen for the treatment of CD. The serum specific antibody levels of 100 dogs without CDV infection were investigated at random. The results showed that 56% of the tested dogs had moderate and high levels of serum CDV antibodies, which could resist CDV infection. However, 24% of the tested dogs had lower levels of CDV antibody, and 20% of the remaining 20% of the dogs had no CDV antibody. The two groups were at risk of CDV infection. Finally, combined with the results of epidemiological investigation and vaccine antibody level survey, the comprehensive prevention and control measures of CD were proposed.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S858.292

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