一批乌拉圭进口奶牛的境外预检及分析
发布时间：2019-02-23 15:00
【摘要】：随着世界经济全球化的发展,国际贸易往来日益频繁,为动物疫病的广泛传播和流行提供了客观条件。我国正在构建一个立足我国国情、遵循国际规则,以风险管理为基础,以检疫技术为支撑的进口动物检疫管理体系。进口动物境外预检工作作为进口动物检疫管理体系的一部分,为保护我国畜牧业生产安全、改良牲畜品种、提高生产性能、保护人民生命健康、促进外贸经济发展等意义重大。论文以赴乌拉圭执行进口奶牛境外预检为研究内容,通过全程参与进口奶牛境外预检过程,熟悉了进口奶牛境外预检程序,掌握了境外预检方法和技术,并对整个境外预检过程中需要重点关注和值得学习的经验进行了剖析。(1)农场检疫。该批进口奶牛来自乌拉圭13个省305个农场,初选奶牛共13 162头。采血过程中临床检查淘汰160头,其余13 002头采集血样,送往乌拉圭国家兽医实验室(DILAVE)进行规定疫病(牛白血病EBL、牛病毒性腹泻BVD、副结核病PT、布鲁氏菌病Brucellosis和口蹄疫FMD)的实验室检疫,结核病(Tuberculosis)是在农场采血时进行牛尾根部牛型结核菌素(PPD)皮内试验。结果共检出阳性牛2 459头,阳性率18.91%,其中EBL、BVD和PT阳性检出率分别为18.28%(2 373/13 002)、0.54%(57/10 629)和0.27(29/10 572),阳性牛全部淘汰;布鲁氏菌病、结核病和口蹄疫均为阴性。农场检疫合格牛为10 543头,淘汰率为19.90%(2 619/13 162)。(2)隔离检疫。进入隔离场前临床检查淘汰326头,其余10 217头牛进入乌拉圭畜牧业、农业和渔业部(MGAP)批准的出口活牛隔离场Rubadel SA进行隔离检疫,采血过程中临床检查淘汰20头,其余10 197采集血样,送DILAVE实验室进行EBL、BVD和FMD检疫。结果共检出阳性牛227头,阳性率2.23%,其中EBL和BVD阳性检出率分别为2.18%(222/10 197)和0.05%(5/9 975),阳性牛全部淘汰;FMD为阴性;阳性牛剔除过程中经临床检查淘汰305头。隔离检疫合格牛为9 665头,淘汰率为8.33%(878/10 543)。按照议定书要求,在刚进入隔离场时用MGAP批准的药物进行钩端螺旋体病治疗和体内外寄生虫驱除;在采血时对隔离奶牛注射MGAP批准的口蹄疫(A和O型)、传染性鼻气管炎(IBR)、炭疽(Anthrax)3种疫苗。在隔离检疫过程中,将240头“哨兵动物”牛按比例分布在各隔离检疫栏舍混养,装运前7 d内对“哨兵动物”采血进行口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA诊断和临床检查,实验室检疫结果全部为阴性,且无症状临床,符合议定书要求。(3)监督装运。隔离场监装过程中,所有奶牛逐头扫描耳号,电脑记录生成耳号明细,并进行临床检查,装载核对数量无误后,运输车辆加施官方封识。MGAP官方兽医出具装运单和耳号明细随车同行。装运临床检查剔除61头,最终共计9 604头合格奶牛顺利装船,运回我国接受为期45 d的口岸隔离检疫。本文为构建“境外预检+口岸检疫”的双保险进口动物检疫管理体系做出了有益的探讨,为提高我国进口动物检疫技术积累了经验。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more frequent, which provides objective conditions for the wide spread and prevalence of animal disease. China is constructing an import animal quarantine management system based on national conditions, following international rules, risk management and quarantine technology. As a part of the management system of import animal quarantine, it is of great significance to protect the safety of animal husbandry production, improve the variety of livestock, improve the production performance, protect the life and health of the people, and promote the development of foreign trade economy. In this paper, to carry out overseas pre-inspection of imported cows in Uruguay as the research content, through the whole process of participating in the process of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, we have familiarized ourselves with the procedures of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, and have mastered the methods and techniques of overseas pre-inspection. The experiences that need to be paid attention to and worth learning in the whole process of overseas pre-inspection are analyzed. (1) Farm quarantine. The imported cows came from 305 farms in 13 provinces of Uruguay, with a total of 13,162 primary cows. In the course of blood collection, 160 cases were eliminated by clinical examination, while blood samples were collected from the remaining 13,002. They were sent to the National Veterinary Laboratory of Uruguay (DILAVE) for prescribed epidemic disease (bovine leukemia EBL, bovine viral diarrhea BVD, paratuberculosis PT,). Laboratory quarantine of brucellosis (Brucellosis) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis) was tested intradermal with bovine root tuberculin (PPD) when blood was collected from farm. Results A total of 2 459 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 18.91. The positive rates of EBL,BVD and PT were 18.28% (2373 / 13 002), 0.54% (57 / 10 629) and 0.27 (29 / 10 572), respectively. Brucellosis, tuberculosis and foot-and-mouth disease were all negative. There were 10 543 eligible cattle in farm, and the elimination rate was 19.90% (2619 / 13 162). (2). Before entering the quarantine field, 326 cows were eliminated by clinical examination, the remaining 10 217 cattle were admitted to the Uruguayan animal husbandry, the Rubadel SA of live cattle isolation farm approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MGAP) was quarantined and 20 were eliminated by clinical examination in the course of blood collection. The other 10 197 blood samples were collected and sent to the DILAVE laboratory for EBL,BVD and FMD quarantine. Results A total of 227 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 2.23. The positive rates of EBL and BVD were 2.18% (222 / 10 197) and 0.05% (5 / 9 975) respectively. All the positive cattle were eliminated, FMD was negative. 305 positive cattle were eliminated by clinical examination. The eligible cattle were 9 665, and the elimination rate was 8.33% (878 / 10 543). Treatment of leptospirosis and extermination of parasites in vivo and in vitro with drugs approved by MGAP upon entry to isolation site as required by the Protocol; The isolated cows were injected with MGAP approved foot-and-mouth disease (A and O) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), anthrax (Anthrax) vaccine. During quarantine and quarantine, 240 "Sentinel Animal" cattle were collected and collected blood samples for ELISA diagnosis and clinical examination within 7 days before shipment. Laboratory quarantine results are all negative, asymptomatic clinical, in accordance with the protocol. (3) supervise shipment. During the process of quarantine farm monitoring, all cows scan ear numbers head by head, computer records generate ear numbers, and clinical examinations are carried out. After loading and checking the quantity is correct, Transport vehicle added official seal. MGAP official veterinarian issued a shipping order and ear details of the accompanying. A total of 9 604 eligible cows were finally shipped to China for 45 days of quarantine. This paper makes a beneficial discussion on the establishment of the double insurance import animal quarantine management system of "overseas pre-inspection port quarantine", and accumulates experience in improving the quarantine technology of imported animals in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S851.34
本文编号：2428937
[Abstract]:With the development of world economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more frequent, which provides objective conditions for the wide spread and prevalence of animal disease. China is constructing an import animal quarantine management system based on national conditions, following international rules, risk management and quarantine technology. As a part of the management system of import animal quarantine, it is of great significance to protect the safety of animal husbandry production, improve the variety of livestock, improve the production performance, protect the life and health of the people, and promote the development of foreign trade economy. In this paper, to carry out overseas pre-inspection of imported cows in Uruguay as the research content, through the whole process of participating in the process of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, we have familiarized ourselves with the procedures of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, and have mastered the methods and techniques of overseas pre-inspection. The experiences that need to be paid attention to and worth learning in the whole process of overseas pre-inspection are analyzed. (1) Farm quarantine. The imported cows came from 305 farms in 13 provinces of Uruguay, with a total of 13,162 primary cows. In the course of blood collection, 160 cases were eliminated by clinical examination, while blood samples were collected from the remaining 13,002. They were sent to the National Veterinary Laboratory of Uruguay (DILAVE) for prescribed epidemic disease (bovine leukemia EBL, bovine viral diarrhea BVD, paratuberculosis PT,). Laboratory quarantine of brucellosis (Brucellosis) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis) was tested intradermal with bovine root tuberculin (PPD) when blood was collected from farm. Results A total of 2 459 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 18.91. The positive rates of EBL,BVD and PT were 18.28% (2373 / 13 002), 0.54% (57 / 10 629) and 0.27 (29 / 10 572), respectively. Brucellosis, tuberculosis and foot-and-mouth disease were all negative. There were 10 543 eligible cattle in farm, and the elimination rate was 19.90% (2619 / 13 162). (2). Before entering the quarantine field, 326 cows were eliminated by clinical examination, the remaining 10 217 cattle were admitted to the Uruguayan animal husbandry, the Rubadel SA of live cattle isolation farm approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MGAP) was quarantined and 20 were eliminated by clinical examination in the course of blood collection. The other 10 197 blood samples were collected and sent to the DILAVE laboratory for EBL,BVD and FMD quarantine. Results A total of 227 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 2.23. The positive rates of EBL and BVD were 2.18% (222 / 10 197) and 0.05% (5 / 9 975) respectively. All the positive cattle were eliminated, FMD was negative. 305 positive cattle were eliminated by clinical examination. The eligible cattle were 9 665, and the elimination rate was 8.33% (878 / 10 543). Treatment of leptospirosis and extermination of parasites in vivo and in vitro with drugs approved by MGAP upon entry to isolation site as required by the Protocol; The isolated cows were injected with MGAP approved foot-and-mouth disease (A and O) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), anthrax (Anthrax) vaccine. During quarantine and quarantine, 240 "Sentinel Animal" cattle were collected and collected blood samples for ELISA diagnosis and clinical examination within 7 days before shipment. Laboratory quarantine results are all negative, asymptomatic clinical, in accordance with the protocol. (3) supervise shipment. During the process of quarantine farm monitoring, all cows scan ear numbers head by head, computer records generate ear numbers, and clinical examinations are carried out. After loading and checking the quantity is correct, Transport vehicle added official seal. MGAP official veterinarian issued a shipping order and ear details of the accompanying. A total of 9 604 eligible cows were finally shipped to China for 45 days of quarantine. This paper makes a beneficial discussion on the establishment of the double insurance import animal quarantine management system of "overseas pre-inspection port quarantine", and accumulates experience in improving the quarantine technology of imported animals in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S851.34
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 任彤;国境口岸进口动物及动物产品传入人畜共患病风险分析体系的研究[D];中国人民解放军军事医学科学院;2015年
2 吴松浩;论我国进出境动物检疫法律制度的完善[D];复旦大学;2009年
3 沈向华;动物检疫制度比较研究[D];内蒙古农业大学;2008年
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