西北地区新一轮退耕还林还草规模分析
发布时间：2019-02-26 12:18
【摘要】：西北地区干旱少雨、水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱,退耕还林还草工程是西北地区生态环境建设的重大举措,也是全国生态环境建设的一项宏伟生态工程。通过对退耕还林还草工程实施现状、生态效应及存在问题的整合分析,探讨了西北地区新一轮退耕还林还草工程的实施规模。结果表明:(1)西北地区1999—2011年退耕还林还草面积累积751.99万hm~2,占全国同期退耕还林还草面积的36.14%;陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、山西和内蒙中西部地区退耕还林还草的实施面积分别占西北地区同期退耕还林还草面积的27.89%,21.29%,4.62%,9.80%,10.80%,13.57%和12.03%。(2)自退耕还林工程实施以来,2002—2012年西北地区农民纯收入逐年增加,且各省(区)增加趋势一致。(3)西北地区植被覆盖在提高,植被NDVI整体呈上升趋势,但存在明显的空间差异,空间分布是从东南向西北逐渐递减,而陕北地区是黄土高原近10年植被恢复最快的区域。(4)2003—2014年黄河流域径流量和侵蚀量均低于1950—1995多年平均值,且年际间波动较大。(5)25°以上的坡耕地可退耕180.1万hm~2,占现有耕地的6.0%,15°~25°的坡耕地退耕面积可达296.5万hm2,占现有耕地面积的9.9%,并厘清了各省(区)的退耕规模,最后针对新一轮退耕政策的顺利实施,提出了4点建议。
[Abstract]:Drought and less rain, serious soil and water loss, fragile ecological environment in Northwest China, the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland is an important measure of ecological environment construction in Northwest China, and it is also a grand ecological project of ecological environment construction in the whole country. Based on the analysis of the implementation status, ecological effects and existing problems of the project, this paper discusses the scale of implementation of the new round of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the northwest of China. The results showed that: (1) in 1999 / 2011, the accumulated area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in Northwest China accounted for 36.14% of the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the same period of China; Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Shanxi and the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia accounted for 27.89%, 21.29%, 4.62%, 9.80% of the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the same period in northwest China, 10.80 percent, 13.57 percent and 12.03 percent. (2) since the implementation of the project, the net income of farmers in the Northwest region has increased year by year from 2002 to 2012, and the trend of increase in the provinces (regions) is the same. (3) vegetation cover in the Northwest region is increasing. The total vegetation NDVI showed an upward trend, but there were obvious spatial differences, and the spatial distribution decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. (4) the runoff and erosion of the Yellow River Basin in 2003-2014 are lower than the 1950-1995 average, and the vegetation restoration is the fastest in the Loess Plateau in the last 10 years. (4) in 2003-2014, the runoff and erosion in the Yellow River Basin were lower than the 1950-1995 average. (5) the slope farmland above 25 掳can be converted to 1.801 million hm~2, accounting for 6.0% of the existing arable land, and the slope cultivated land with 15 掳~ 25 掳can account for 9.9% of the existing arable land area up to 2.965 million hm2,. Finally, four suggestions were put forward for the smooth implementation of the new round policy.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;中国科学院大学;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01,2015BAC01B03) 中国工程院重大咨询研究课题(2016-ZD-09-05) 西北农林科技大学西部发展研究院项目(2015XBYD004)
【分类号】：S721;S812
[Abstract]:Drought and less rain, serious soil and water loss, fragile ecological environment in Northwest China, the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland is an important measure of ecological environment construction in Northwest China, and it is also a grand ecological project of ecological environment construction in the whole country. Based on the analysis of the implementation status, ecological effects and existing problems of the project, this paper discusses the scale of implementation of the new round of the project of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the northwest of China. The results showed that: (1) in 1999 / 2011, the accumulated area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in Northwest China accounted for 36.14% of the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the same period of China; Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Shanxi and the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia accounted for 27.89%, 21.29%, 4.62%, 9.80% of the total area of returning farmland to forest and grassland in the same period in northwest China, 10.80 percent, 13.57 percent and 12.03 percent. (2) since the implementation of the project, the net income of farmers in the Northwest region has increased year by year from 2002 to 2012, and the trend of increase in the provinces (regions) is the same. (3) vegetation cover in the Northwest region is increasing. The total vegetation NDVI showed an upward trend, but there were obvious spatial differences, and the spatial distribution decreased gradually from southeast to northwest. (4) the runoff and erosion of the Yellow River Basin in 2003-2014 are lower than the 1950-1995 average, and the vegetation restoration is the fastest in the Loess Plateau in the last 10 years. (4) in 2003-2014, the runoff and erosion in the Yellow River Basin were lower than the 1950-1995 average. (5) the slope farmland above 25 掳can be converted to 1.801 million hm~2, accounting for 6.0% of the existing arable land, and the slope cultivated land with 15 掳~ 25 掳can account for 9.9% of the existing arable land area up to 2.965 million hm2,. Finally, four suggestions were put forward for the smooth implementation of the new round policy.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;中国科学院大学;西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B01,2015BAC01B03) 中国工程院重大咨询研究课题(2016-ZD-09-05) 西北农林科技大学西部发展研究院项目(2015XBYD004)
【分类号】：S721;S812
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6 张，
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