新疆草地土壤主要性质及影响因素的分析

发布时间：2019-03-02 14:06

【摘要】：新疆草地面积约占我国草地面积的1/5,是新疆生态环境的重要组成部分,是本地区农牧业发展的基础。草地土壤容重、土石比及土壤厚度是反映评价土壤质量及资源物质储量的重要指标。理解新疆草地土壤容重、土石比和厚度及其影响因素有助于我国西北干旱区草地资源持续发展管理和荒漠化防治,为新疆草地提供基础数据支撑。本文通过577个土壤剖面容重、土石比以及土壤厚度等土壤性质调查,按照草地类型、土壤类型以及全国水土保持区划分析比较了土壤性质的差异,探讨了地形(海拔、坡度、坡向、平面曲率、剖面曲率)、干燥度、植被覆盖率等因素对草地土壤容重、土石比、土壤厚度的影响。结果表明:(1)草地土壤的容重总体上随着深度的增加有增大的趋势。但不同草地类型的土壤容重垂直变化规律有差异,温性草原化荒漠类、温性草原类、温性荒漠草原类和温性荒漠类草地的土壤容重随着深度的增加差异不明显。草地土壤容重与气候、植被与土壤特性的具有较好的相关性。新疆草地不同土壤类型的容重垂直变化差异较大,土壤类型的容重与气候、植被有较好的相关性。(2)不同草地类型土壤土石比差异较大,其中草甸类土石比较小。地形因素对土壤土石比有一定的影响,但主要是受到气候、植被和土壤性质的影响。(3)新疆草地土壤厚度总体较薄,60.3%样地的土壤厚度100 cm。在坡度15°或者海拔在1000-1500 m之间时,草地土壤的厚度通常较低。地形特征指标与土壤厚度的相关性均不显著。(4)不同草地类型和草地不同土壤类型的土壤厚度差异显著,表明不同草地类型和土壤类型的土壤发育程度差异较大。不同草地类型的土壤厚度与植被覆盖度、气候有较好的相关性,不同土壤类型的土壤厚度与地形、气候、植被覆盖度和土壤性质的相关性总体较差。
[Abstract]:The grassland area in Xinjiang accounts for about 1 / 5 of the grassland area in China. It is an important part of the ecological environment in Xinjiang and is the basis for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in this region. Soil bulk density, soil / rock ratio and soil thickness are important indexes for evaluating soil quality and resource material reserves. Understanding the soil bulk density, soil-rock ratio and thickness of grassland in Xinjiang and its influencing factors will contribute to the sustainable development and management of grassland resources and control of desertification in arid areas of northwest China, and provide basic data support for grassland in Xinjiang. Based on the investigation of soil properties such as bulk density, soil-rock ratio and soil thickness of 577 soil profiles, the differences of soil properties were analyzed and compared according to grassland type, soil type and national soil and water conservation regionalization, and the topography (elevation, slope) was discussed. The effects of slope direction, plane curvature, profile curvature, desiccation and vegetation coverage on soil bulk density, soil / rock ratio and soil thickness were studied. The results showed that: (1) as a whole, the bulk density of grassland soil increased with the increase of depth. However, the vertical variation of soil bulk density was different among different grassland types. There was no significant difference in soil bulk density with the increase of depth in warm grassland, warm steppe, warm desert steppe and warm desert grassland. There is a good correlation between grassland soil bulk density and climate, vegetation and soil characteristics. The vertical variation of bulk density of different soil types in Xinjiang varies greatly, and there is a good correlation between the bulk density of soil types and climate and vegetation. (2) the soil-rock ratio of different grassland types is different, among which the soil-rock ratio of meadow type is small. Topographical factors have a certain effect on soil-rock ratio, but it is mainly affected by climate, vegetation and soil properties. (3) the soil thickness of grassland in Xinjiang is relatively thin, and the soil thickness of 60.3% sample land is 100 cm.. When the slope is 15 掳or the altitude is between 1000 and 1500 m, the thickness of grassland soil is usually lower. The correlation between topographical characteristics and soil thickness was not significant. (4) the soil thickness of different grassland types and different soil types was significantly different, indicating that the soil development degree of different grassland types and soil types was quite different. There is a good correlation between soil thickness and vegetation coverage and climate in different grassland types. The correlation between soil thickness and topography, climate, vegetation coverage and soil properties is poor in general.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S812.2

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