柠条等几种北方干旱地区沙生灌木饲用价值与饲用研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 12:43

【摘要】：沙生灌木是沙区改善环境的主要植物,资源量大,饲草化开发可促进经济效益和生态效益的良性循环。研究以北方干旱地区沙生灌木柠条(小叶锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿)、沙柳、杨柴、花棒和紫穗槐为材料,测定了养分含量、饲料消化率。配制了灌木粗饲料配方,进行饲养试验。测定了绵羊增重、饲料成本和采食、消化率等指标,并通过主成分分析,综合筛选灌木饲料配方。以期为沙生灌木饲草化开发提供基础依据。得出以下主要结论:1.灌木饲料营养价值评价(1)柠条锦鸡儿和紫穗槐CP较高,高于10%,柠条上下不同部位间以及月份间差异小于紫穗槐,即时空变化小。杨柴和花棒时空变化大,高营养部分较少。沙柳CP最低,不到5%,WSC含量最高。柠条和沙柳EE最高,在7%-8%。5种灌木ADF在35%-50%,NDF在50%-70%,柠条和紫穗槐ADF、NDF相对较低。(2)小叶锦鸡儿CP达6.58%-17.29%,超过一般禾本科牧草和作物秸秆,EE约6%,纤维性物质含量也很高,ADF约50%-60%,NDF约60%-70%。细嫩枝条营养价值高于粗老枝条。平茬可以获得鲜嫩的再生枝条,营养价值以平茬1年平茬2年未平茬,在7-9月差异不显著,9-10月下降明显,采收应在10月前。(3)揉丝、粉碎、制粒和发酵状态饲料纤维性物质降低。相同状态饲料,柠条CP和EE高于玉米秸秆,ADF和NDF相反。IVDMD与ADF、NDF显著负相关,与CP正相关。2.以沙生灌木为主的粗饲料配方柠条为唯一粗料,占日粮70%时,能维持绵羊生长;占日粮约55%时,可使绵羊增重接近育肥。沙柳适口性差,日粮中比例不宜太高。消化率与增重成正比。筛选优化了几个粗饲料以灌木为主,精料均以玉米面和豆粕为主的配方:(1)高投入高产出(增重最高,投入成本高,单位成本增重高):精料30%,粗料70%,其中柠条35%,沙柳10%,玉米秸秆25%;(2)质优价廉(增重次高,投入成本次低):A.精料20%;粗料80%,其中柠条55%,沙柳]0%,玉米秸秆15%;B.精料30%;粗料70%,全部为柠条。(3)低成本的维持性饲料配方(维持体重,成本消耗低):精料20%;粗料80%,全部为灌木,其中柠条60%,沙柳20%。
[Abstract]:The sandy shrub is the main plant to improve the environment in the sandy area, and the resources are large. The development of forage can promote the benign circle of economic and ecological benefits. The nutrient content and feed digestibility of sandy shrubs (Caragana microphylla, Caragana), Salix, poplar, flower stick and black locust in arid areas of northern China were determined. The composition of shrub roughage was formulated and the feeding test was carried out. The weight gain, feed cost, feed intake and digestibility of sheep were determined, and the composition of shrub feed was comprehensively screened by principal component analysis (PCA). In order to provide the basis for the development of sandy shrub forage. Draw the following main conclusions: 1. Evaluation of nutritional value of shrub feed (1) CP of Caragana and Robinia acacia were higher than 10%, and the difference among different parts and months of Caragana korshinskii was smaller than that of Amorpha acacia, that is to say, the temporal and spatial variation was small. The time-space variation of poplar and flower stick is great, and the high nutrition part is less. The content of CP was the lowest, less than 5%, and the content of WSC was the highest in Salix mandshurica. EE of Caragana and Salix were the highest, with ADF of 5 shrubs being 35% and 50%, and ADF,NDF of Caragana and Acacia were relatively low. (2) CP of Caragana microphylla was 6.58% and 17.29%, respectively, and CP of Caragana microphylla was 6.58% and 17.29%, and that of Caragana microphylla was 50% and 50%, respectively. More than normal grasses and crop stalks, EE was about 6%, fiber content was also very high, ADF was about 50% ~ 60%, NDF was about 60% ~ 70%. The nutrient value of fine and tender branches was higher than that of coarse old ones. Fresh and tender regenerated shoots can be obtained from flat stubble, the nutrient value is 1 year and 2 years, the difference is not significant in July-September, the decrease in September-October is obvious, the harvest should be before October. (3) kneading silk, crushing, The fibrous substances of feed in granulation and fermentation state were decreased. In the same status diet, CP and EE of Caragana were higher than that of corn straw, while ADF and NDF were opposite. IVDMD was negatively correlated with ADF,NDF and positively correlated with CP. The forage formula of Caragana caragana, mainly composed of sandy shrubs, could maintain the growth of sheep when 70% of the diet was fed, and the gain of weight of sheep was close to fattening when it accounted for about 55% of the diet. Salix palatability is poor, the proportion of diet should not be too high. Digestibility is proportional to weight gain. Selected and optimized several coarse feed is mainly shrub, concentrate is mainly corn flour and soybean meal: (1) High input and high output (highest weight gain, high input cost, high gain per unit cost): concentrate 30%, coarse 70%, Among them, Caragana 35%, Salix vulgaris 10%, corn straw 25%; (2) High quality and low price (high weight gain, lower input cost, lower): A.) 20% concentrate, 80% roughage, 55% Caragana, 0% Salix], 15% corn straw. (3) low-cost maintenance feed formulations (maintenance weight, low cost consumption): 20% concentrate; 80% roughage, all shrubs, of which 60% Caragana and 20% Salix.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S816

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