巢湖鸭品系选育及羽色相关基因表达研究

发布时间：2019-03-14 08:50

【摘要】：我国地方鸭种资源丰富,地方优良鸭种的选育和开发利用已经成为各地研究热点。羽色既是品种的重要特征,也是重要的经济性状,在鸭育种工作中常常关注羽色的整齐度,黑色素含量和分布决定动物的羽(毛)色,研究羽色遗传规律具有重要的意义。本试验通过建立巢湖鸭基础群,并连续选育2个世代,建立巢湖鸭专门化品系。在此基础上,开展了巢湖鸭和樱桃谷鸭杂交后代羽色分离及相关基因表达研究,探索鸭羽色遗传情况。研究结果如下:1.建立巢湖鸭L系和H系,L系主选性状为早期生长速度兼顾羽色,共28个家系,H系主选性状为成年体重和40周龄产蛋率,共50个家系。经连续2个世代选育,L系12周龄体重达2235g,较0世代提高12.0%,公母鸭初生重达50.8g和51.2g,较0世代分别提高了8.8%和7.1%;H系40周龄产蛋量达112枚,较0世代提高36.6%,种蛋受精率到达95%,较0世代提高了7.9%。巢湖鸭新品系选育取得初步成效。2.巢湖鸭与樱桃谷鸭杂交F1代与自交F2代在2周龄前羽色表型为黑羽,灰羽和黄羽;至第六周羽毛更换为青年羽,仅观察到黑白羽和麻羽表型。饲养到第六周对羽色分离进行统计:F1代中黑白羽鸭和麻羽鸭比例为9:6(χ2=0.28,P0.05),F2代中黑白羽鸭和麻羽鸭比例为9:7(χ2=0.01,P0.05),其中黑白羽鸭中白羽多位于颈部和翅膀。3.F1代和F2代的麻羽鸭TYR基因在第四周表达量达最高峰为4.01(p0.05)和5.43(p0.01),且麻羽鸭组和黑白羽鸭组该基因随周龄的表达趋势整体一致。F1代麻羽鸭MITF基因在第四周与第五周表达量分别为0.83(p0.05)和1.05(p0.01),显著高于同周龄樱桃谷鸭和巢湖鸭。黑白羽鸭的表达量随周龄变化趋势一致。F1代麻羽鸭和黑白羽鸭KIT基因在第四周表达量分别为2.44(p0.01)和1.9(p0.05),显著高于同周龄的樱桃谷鸭和巢湖鸭。比较三个基因的整体表达得出,随着周龄的变化,F1代和F2代黑白羽鸭和麻羽鸭的三个基因表达趋势趋于一致,且第四周和第五周均为相对表达量的高峰期。
[Abstract]:There are plenty of local duck breeds in China, and the breeding, development and utilization of local fine duck breeds have become the focus of research all over the world. Feather color is not only an important feature of breed, but also an important economic character. In duck breeding work, it is very important to pay attention to the uniformity of feather color, and the content and distribution of melanin determine the feather (hair) color of animals. It is of great significance to study the heredity of feather color. In this experiment, Chaohu duck basic group was established, and two generations were continuously selected to establish Chaohu duck specialized chemical line. On this basis, the feather color isolation and related gene expression of hybrid progeny of Chaohu duck and Cherry Valley duck were carried out to explore the genetic situation of duck feather color. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The L-line and H-line of Chaohu duck were established. The main selection traits of L-line were early growth rate and feather color. The main selection traits of H-line were adult weight and egg-laying rate at 40 weeks, and 50 families were selected. The weight of L line was 2235g at 12 weeks, which was 12.0% higher than that of 0 generation. The birth weight of male duck was 50.8 g and 51.2 g, which was 8.8% and 7.1% higher than that of 0 generation, respectively. The number of eggs produced at 40 weeks of age in H line was 112, which was 36.6% higher than that of 0 generation, 95% higher than that of 0 generation, and 7.9% higher than that of 0 generation. Preliminary results have been obtained in the breeding of Chaohu duck new strain. 2. Chaohu duck and Cherry Valley duck hybrid F1 and inbred F2 generation were black feather, gray feather and yellow feather before the age of 2 weeks, but only black and white feather and hemp feather phenotype were observed in the sixth week when the feather changed to young feather. The ratio of black-and-white feather duck to hemp duck in F1 generation was 9:6 (蠂 ~ 2 脳 0.28, P0.05), and the ratio of black-and-white feather duck to hemp duck in F2 generation was 9:7 (蠂 ~ 2 脳 0.01, P0.05). In the black-and-white ducks, the white feathers were mostly located in the neck and wings. 3. The expression of TYR gene in the first generation and the second generation reached the highest level in the fourth week, which was 4.01 (p0.05) and 5.43 (p0.01), respectively. The expression trend of this gene was consistent with the age of week. The expression levels of MITF gene in F1 generation were 0.83 (p0.05) and 1.05 (p0.01) at the fourth and fifth week, respectively. It was significantly higher than that of Cherry Valley duck and Chaohu duck at the same age. The expression levels of KIT gene were 2.44 (p0.01) and 1.9 (p0.05) in F1 generation Ma-feather duck and black-and-white feather duck, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in cherry valley duck and Chaohu duck at the same age. Comparing the expression of the three genes, it was found that the expression trend of the three genes in F1 and F2 generations of black-and-white duck and Ma-feather duck tended to be the same with the change of week age, and the peak of relative expression was found in the fourth and fifth weeks.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S834

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