大白猪采食行为与生长规律研究

发布时间：2019-03-14 11:12

【摘要】：为了充分利用自动测定设备所获得的采食行为与体重的详细记录,深入探讨大白猪生长规律与采食规律及其相关性,为合理制定给料方案、饲养管理制度以及调整选育方法提供理论依据,以河北某种猪场纯种大白猪为研究对象,采集2015年该场大白猪生产性能测定系统(FIRE)自动记录数据,结合该场种猪档案,分析大白猪的采食规律和生长规律。(1)采用多因素协方差分析方法分析批次(季节)、日龄、体重对试验猪的单次采食量、采食时间的影响。结果显示不同批次(季节)、日龄、体重试验猪的单次采食量、采食时间差异显著(p0.05)。测定期大白猪单次采食量为0.18±0.18 kg,单次采食时间为7.23±6.63 min。(2)对日龄、体重、单次采食量、采食时间进行相关性分析结果显示,大白猪单次采食量与日龄、体重以及单次采食时间具有极显著的正向关系;大白猪的单次采食时间与其日龄、体重具有极显著的负相关关系。30-90 kg体重生长大白母猪日平均采食量与体重水平、日平均采食次数、日平均累计采食时间呈正相关关系,与单次平均采食时间呈负相关关系;日平均采食次数与日龄水平、体重水平呈正相关关系;日平均累计采食时间、单次平均采食时间与体重阶段水平呈负相关关系。(3)多因素方差分析法分析不同日龄水平、不同体重水平对大白猪日平均采食量、日平均采食次数、日平均采食时间的影响。结果显示,不同日龄、体重水平对试验猪日采食行为影响差异显著(p0.05)。70-100日龄、100-140日龄、100-140日龄大白猪日平均采食量分别为1.5806±0.59 kg、2.17±0.70kg和2.49±0.87 kg,日平均采食次数分别为10.74±4.78、11.39±5.71和12.84±5.87,日平均采食时间分别为94.45±35.37 min、86.63±31.70 min和77.84±30.90 min;30-50 kg、50-70 kg、70-90 kg、90-100 kg体重阶段大白母猪的日平均采食量分别为1.74±0.26kg、2.12±0.25 kg、2.45±0.24 kg和2.73±0.42 kg,日平均采食次数分别为13.71±4.05、15.98±4.41、16.37±5.95和16.42±5.81次,日平均采食时间分别为114.22±25.52 min、108.80±27.48min、100.14±21.03 min和101.00±21.20 min。(4)对每天大白猪的采食次数、采食时间进行方差分析,确定24 h内大白猪采食行为的活跃等级。结果显示,8:00-10:00、13:00-18:00大白猪采食时间、采食次数显著高于其他时间(p0.05)。(5)对不同时间段无效采食、短暂采食现象的分析结果显示,性别对短暂采食、无效采食影响显著,白天无效采食、短暂采食显著高于夜间(p0.05)。(6)性别对日增重、100 kg校正背膘影响的研究结果显示,试验公、母猪日增重、100 kg校正背膘具有显著差异(p0.05);大白公、母猪日增重分别为788.81±95.22 g、820.62±102.91 g,100 kg校正背膘厚分别为10.18±2.38 mm、10.77±2.07 mm。(7)大白猪结测日龄体重与之前各阶段体重间存在正相关,相关程度随测定猪日龄增加而提高,相关系数曲线的显著下降点出现在结测日龄前20 d和32 d。通过以上研究结果得出以下结论:(1)随着大白猪日龄的不断增加采食量不断增加,采食时间逐渐减少,白天采食发生频率远远高于夜间,采食行为集中出现在8:00-10:00,14:00-18:00。(2)30-100 kg体重阶段大白猪生长基本为直线型增重,但生长曲线拟合结果表明部分猪只在此期间会出现生长拐点。(3)根据对大白猪自由采食行为的分析,建议在人工饲养的情况下采取4次的饲喂制度。(4)目前普遍采用的大白猪结测体重可以适当提前,但结测是体重不应低于85 kg。
[Abstract]:In order to make full use of the detailed records of the feed intake behavior and body weight obtained by the automatic measuring equipment, the growth law of the large white pig and the feed intake law and its correlation are discussed in detail, and the theoretical basis is provided for the rational development of the feeding plan, the feeding management system and the adjustment and breeding method. In this paper, the data of the production performance measurement system (FIRE) of the large white pig in a pig farm in Hebei province was collected, and the data of the production performance measurement system (FIRE) of the large white pig in 2015 were collected, and the feed intake and growth rules of the large white pigs were analyzed. (1) The effects of lots (seasons), age and body weight on the single feed intake and intake time of the test pigs were analyzed by the multi-factor covariance analysis method. The results showed that the feed intake and intake time were significant (p0.05) in different lots (seasons), age and body weight test pigs. The single feed intake of the large white pigs was 0.18 to 0.18 kg, and the single feed intake was 7.23 to 6.63 min. (2) The results of correlation analysis of age, body weight, single feed intake and feed intake time showed that the single feed intake of the large white pig had a very significant positive relationship with age, body weight and single feed intake time, and the single feed intake time of the large white pig was related to the age of the day. The average feed intake and the daily average feed intake of 30-90 kg body weight were positively correlated with the daily average feed intake and the daily average feed intake and the day-of-day. There was a positive correlation between body weight and body weight. The average daily intake time and the single average intake time were negatively correlated with the level of body weight. (3) The effect of different weight levels on average feed intake, daily average feed intake and daily average feed intake was analyzed by multi-factor analysis of variance. The results showed that the average feed intake was 1.5806, 0.59 kg, 2.17-0.70kg and 2.49-0.87kg, respectively, and the average daily intake times were 10.74-4.78, 11.39-5.71 and 12.84-5.87, respectively. The daily average feed intake was 94.45-35.37 min, 86.63-31.70 min and 77.84-30.90 min. The daily average feed intake of 30-50 kg,50-70 kg,70-90 kg,90-100 kg body weight was 1.74-0.26 kg, 2.12-0.25 kg, 2.45-0.24 kg and 2.73-0.42 kg, respectively. The average daily intake times were 13.71, 4.05, 15.98, 4.41, 16.37, 5.95 and 16.42, 5.81 times, respectively, and the average daily intake time was 114.22, 25.52 min, 108.80, 27.48 min, 100.14, 21.03 min and 101.00 to 21.20 min, respectively. (4) The feed intake and the intake time of the large white pigs were analyzed by variance analysis, and the active level of the feeding behavior of the large white pigs in 24 h was determined. The results showed that the feed intake of 8:00-10:00,13:00-18:00 was significantly higher than that of other time (p0.05). (5) The results of the analysis of the short feed intake and the short feed intake in different time periods showed that the effect of sex on the short feed intake, the effect of ineffective intake was significant, the food intake was ineffective during the day, and the short feed intake was significantly higher than that of the night (p0.05). (6) The results of the study on the effect of gender on daily gain and 100 kg on the back-weight of the sows showed that the daily gain of the male and female pigs and the daily gain of the sows were 788.81, 95.22 g, 820.62, 102.91 g and 100 kg, respectively, of 10.18 and 2.38mm, respectively. 10.77卤2.07 mm. (7) There was a positive correlation between the weight of the day-of-day weight of the large white pig and the body weight of the previous stage, and the correlation degree was increased with the increase of the day-of-day of the pig. The significant drop point of the correlation coefficient curve was found at 20d and 32d before the day-of-day. The following conclusions were obtained by the above results: (1) With the increasing feed intake of the age of the large white pig, the feed intake time is gradually reduced, and the feeding frequency of the day is much higher than that of the night, and the feed intake behavior is concentrated at 8:00-10:00,14:00-18:00. (2) The growth of the large white pigs in the 30-100 kg body weight stage was the linear weight gain. (3) According to the analysis of the free feed behavior of the large white pigs, it is suggested to take 4 feeding systems in the case of artificial raising. (4) The body weight of the widely used white pig can be advanced in advance, but the body weight should not be lower than 85 kg.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S828

【引证文献】