奶牛酮病发病率调查及丙二醇预防酮病的效果研究

发布时间：2019-05-10 22:15

【摘要】：奶牛酮病是围产期常发的一种营养代谢病，可严重地影响奶牛健康及牛场的经济效益，并制约奶牛业的发展。鉴于酮病对奶牛的严重危害，为奶牛酮病提供有效的防治措施是十分重要的。因此，本研究在黑龙江省两个集约化牛场开展了奶牛酮病的流行病学调查，观测了不同剂量丙二醇对奶牛酮病的预防效果，为今后奶牛酮病的预防提供了科学依据。 试验一、奶牛酮病的发病率调查。在黑龙江省两个集约化高产牛场（A和B）随机选择产后14-21d的年龄、体况和胎次相近的试验奶牛，A场在2012、2013和2014年分别为45头、31头和45头；B场在2013和2014年分别为30头和30头。根据试验奶牛血浆β-羟丁酸（BHBA）浓度，将试验奶牛分为酮病组及健康对照组，跟踪调查了奶牛酮病的发病情况、泌乳性能和繁殖性能，并检测了两组奶牛的NEFA、GLU和AST等指标。结果显示：酮病发病率，A牧场三年依次为46.67%、16.13%和20.00%；B牧场两年依次为40.00%和23.33%。患酮病奶牛血浆中AST活性极显著地升高（P0.01），与酮病的发生呈极显著的正相关（R=0.432,P=0.006）；Ca、P的含量显著地降低（P0.05），与酮病的发生呈显著的负相关（R=-0.603,P=0.024; R=-0.592, P=0.049）；产后60-90d酮病组奶牛泌乳量显著低于健康组（P0.05）；患酮病奶牛首次发情天数、输精次数和配种天数及产犊间隔显著地增加（P0.05），并与血浆BHBA含量呈现显著正相关（R=0.338, P=0.029; R=0.306, P=0.049; R=0.423, P=0.011;R=0.360, P=0.021）。奶牛酮病与蹄叶炎具有显著的相关性。与健康奶牛相比，患酮病奶牛平均每头在产后14-21d之间每天产奶净损失4.59元。 试验二、丙二醇对奶牛酮病的预防效果。在黑龙江省某集约化奶牛场随机选取分娩当天年龄、体况和胎次相近的试验奶牛45头，分为试验组（I和II）和对照组（C），每组15头。试验I组分娩后灌服500ml丙二醇，II组分娩后灌服300ml丙二醇，时间在产后0、1和2天，每天灌服一次，对照组不灌服。结果显示：灌服丙二醇后13天，试验组奶牛血浆中BHBA含量极显著降低；灌服8天后，GLU含量显著升高，NEFA、AST含量显著降低。试验组与对照组相比，酮病发病率显著降低，奶牛输精次数、初配天数及配种天数奶显著地减少（P0.05）。试验I组和试验II组相比，奶牛酮病的发病率显著降低。通过决策树分析三组的经济效益，在本试验条件下，产后90天内灌服500mL丙二醇相对于不灌注获得的更大的净利润，差值达到5.31元/天/头。 结论：高产奶牛酮病的发病率高，患病奶牛肝功酶活性异常，泌乳性能和繁殖性能均降低，给牛场带来严重的经济损失。灌服丙二醇会使奶牛酮病发病率明显地降低，并改善奶牛的繁殖性能。在本试验条件下，，灌服500mL丙二醇会使奶牛获得更大的净利润。
[Abstract]:Ketosis is a common nutritional metabolic disease in perinatal period, which can seriously affect the health of dairy cows and the economic benefits of cattle farms, and restrict the development of dairy industry. In view of the serious harm of ketosis to dairy cows, it is very important to provide effective control measures for ketosis in dairy cows. Therefore, the epidemiological investigation of ketosis in dairy cattle was carried out in two intensive cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province, and the preventive effects of different doses of propanediol on ketosis in dairy cattle were observed, which provided a scientific basis for the prevention of ketosis in dairy cattle in the future. In experiment 1, the incidence of ketosis in dairy cattle was investigated. In two intensive high yield cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province (A and B), 45 cows, 31 cows and 45 cows with similar postpartum age, body condition and parity were randomly selected in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The B field was 30 heads in 2013 and 30 heads in 2014. According to the concentration of 尾-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in plasma of experimental cows, the cows were divided into ketosis group and healthy control group. The incidence, lactation performance and reproductive performance of ketosis in dairy cows were investigated, and the NEFA, of dairy cows in the two groups was detected. GLU and AST. The results showed that the incidence of ketosis in A ranch was 46.67% in three years, 16.13% in 16.13% and 20.00% in B ranch in two years, which was 40.00% and 23.33% respectively. The activity of AST in plasma of ketosis cows was significantly increased (P 0.01), which was positively correlated with the occurrence of ketosis (R 鈮

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