基于GPS和GIS技术的冬季和夏季牧场牦牛牧食行为研究

发布时间：2019-05-11 09:37

【摘要】：为了研究青藏高原不同季节牧场牦牛的牧食行为规律,选取6头年龄、体况大致相同的成年牦牛作为研究对象,在2014年4月份和8月份分别在冬季牧场和夏季牧场上,运用GPS3300定位追踪系统,对自由放牧条件下牦牛的牧食行为进行了研究。结果表明:冬季牧场早上初牧9∶00、10∶00和下午归牧前17∶00、18∶00外界气温处于牦牛等温区内,有利于牦牛进行采食活动,而夏季牧场日平均气温的变化均高出牦牛活动的等温区(8~14℃),对其采食活动具有影响;夏季牧场上牦牛采食的空间分布由中心向四周辐射且个体间相对分散,冬季牧场上采食分布相对集中,夏季牧场上牦牛游走距离(0.29~0.80km/h)整体大于冬季牧场(0.07~0.14km/h),并且在11∶00和17∶00分别出现峰值,在12∶00游走距离最短;在监测期内(9∶00~18∶00),夏季牧场上牦牛各主要放牧行为的总体时间分配顺序依次是采食(504.90min)行走(75.45min)休息(55.10min),并且差异性显著(P0.05);冬季牧场牦牛的休息时间(355.80min)显著大于采食时间(243.10min)(P0.05)。研究结果显示,初牧和归牧前是牦牛放牧采食的剧烈活动时间,另外在夏季的中午13∶00左右也会出现一个采食高峰;牦牛的牧食行为符合晨昏活动格局,总体上表现出采食-休息(反刍)-采食的活动规律。
[Abstract]:In order to study the grazing behavior of yaks in different seasons of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, 6 adult yaks of the same age and the same body condition were selected as the subjects of the study, and in April and August 2014, respectively, they were on winter pastures and summer pastures. The grazing behavior of yaks under free grazing was studied by GPS3300 positioning and tracking system. The results showed that the external temperature was in the yak isotherm area at 9: 00 in the morning, 10: 00 in the morning and 17: 00 before returning to grazing in the afternoon, which was beneficial to the feeding activities of yaks. However, the variation of daily mean temperature in summer pastures was higher than that in the isotherm area of yak activity (8 脳 14 鈩，

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