髋骨的三维重建技术与生物力学仿真研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 12:39

本文选题：生物力学 + 三维重建　；参考：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中老年人由于骨量的缺失特别容易导致髋骨骨折,手术治疗后国人因受传统思想:"伤筋动骨一百天"的影响,拒绝进行康复锻炼。长期卧床休息可能会导致心血管疾病的发生、也可能会引发尿路感染、肺部感染、褥疮等一系列的并发症。科学的康复锻炼非但不会加重病情,反而利于患者的康复。为了使康复锻炼更加科学及改变患者对传统思想不恰当的理解,实验采用计算机数字技术与骨科临床结合研究了术后髋骨应力变化,并在此基础上探索了数字化骨科的应用。由于人体解剖结构复杂、运动条件复杂、组织材料属性多样及边界条件不能完全确定,目前完全复制出病灶个体标本及工作环境还很困难。为了构建更为精准的生物力学仿真模型,实验基于患者骨盆DICOM数据,进行三维重建并打印髋骨实体,并通过AnyBody软件的步态运动反求出髋骨的所受的约束、载荷、边界条件、肌肉力及关节力,联合Abaqus进行求解。结果显示髋骨受力比较平衡,生物力学改变不明显,患者可以进行正常的康复锻炼。为个体患者的功能康复及锻炼提供了理论指导,并为今后髋骨的生物力学仿真提供了经验和研究基础,同时也延伸了 CT三维重建技术在数字化骨科的应用。
[Abstract]:Due to the lack of bone mass, the middle-aged and the elderly are especially apt to lead to hip fracture. After the operation, the Chinese refused to take rehabilitation exercise because of the influence of the traditional thought: "injure muscles and bones for 100 days." Prolonged bed rest may lead to cardiovascular disease, as well as urinary tract infections, lung infections, bedsore and a series of complications. Scientific rehabilitation exercise not only does not aggravate the illness, but is beneficial to the rehabilitation of patients. In order to make the rehabilitation exercise more scientific and to change the patients' improper understanding of the traditional thinking, the experiment used the computer digital technology and orthopedic clinic to study the hip stress changes after operation, and then explored the application of digital orthopedics. Due to the complex anatomical structure of human body, the complex movement conditions, the diversity of tissue material properties and the uncertainty of boundary conditions, it is still very difficult to copy out the individual specimen and working environment of the lesion completely at present. In order to build a more accurate biomechanical simulation model, based on the DICOM data of the pelvis of the patient, the experiment reconstructed the hip body and printed the hip body. The constraints, loads and boundary conditions of the hip were obtained by the gait motion of any body software. Muscle force and joint force were solved with Abaqus. The results showed that the hip was relatively balanced, the biomechanical changes were not obvious, and the patients could undergo normal rehabilitation exercise. It provides theoretical guidance for functional rehabilitation and exercise of individual patients and provides experience and research basis for biomechanical simulation of hip bone in the future. It also extends the application of three-dimensional CT reconstruction technology in digital orthopaedics.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R687;TP391.9

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