兔膝关节有限元模型的建立及前交叉韧带重建后力学分析

发布时间：2018-11-05 12:35

【摘要】：目的:建立前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤及损伤后ACL牵张保残重建的实验动物模型和正常兔膝关节三维有限元模型,比较前交叉韧带(ACL)在正常状态、损伤状态、牵张保残重建状态下膝关节生物力学之间存在的差异,以评价ACL重建效果。方法:将20只正常雄性新西兰大白兔随机均分为两组:对照组、试验组。将试验组兔的ACL离断以建立ACL损伤的实验动物模型,对断裂的ACL行牵张保残重建。12周后首先在对照组10只兔中随机选取一只,行膝关节螺旋CT扫描,将扫描数据存储备用;再分别留取对照组和试验组的动物膝关节标本,对ACL分别行拉力试验测得相关数据。最后根据获取的螺旋CT扫描数据建立膝关节的三维有限元模型,有限元力学分析比较ACL在正常、损伤、牵张保残重建3种状态下胫骨内外侧平台、膝关节内外侧半月板及股骨内外侧髁的生物力学差异。结果:两组间兔一般情况均衡,无明显统计学差异。拉力试验结果显示:兔ACL正常时所能承受的最大拉力为(100.05±1.09)N,重建后移植腱所能承受的最大拉力为(38.11±5.04)N,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据获取的螺旋CT扫描数据成功建立起兔膝关节的三维有限元模型,将拉力试验结果代入进行有限元力学分析显示ACL在正常、损伤及牵张保残重建三种状态下胫骨内外侧平台、膝关节内外侧半月板及股骨内外髁的生物力学比较存在差异:ACL损伤后膝关节胫骨内外侧平台、膝关节内外侧半月板及股骨内外侧髁所受压力较正常时分别增加了23.3%、40.6%、39.8%、32.3%、21.4%、18.5%,ACL牵张重建后各方受力虽较伤后有所改善,但较正常时仍分别增加了19.3%、11.4%、6.6%、10.7%、13.0%、7.0%。结论:ACL牵张保残重建后12周移植腱生物学性能较正常的ACL有所下降。膝关节三维有限元分析显示:牵张保残重建ACL并不能完全恢复ACL损伤后膝关节各部位的受力情况,但较损伤后各部位受力情况均有所改善。膝关节ACL损伤后重建有其必要性,但仍需不断改进,以提高ACL的重建效果。
[Abstract]:Objective: to establish the experimental animal model of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (ACL) injury and ACL distraction preservation reconstruction and to compare the (ACL) in normal state and injured state with 3D finite element model of knee joint in normal rabbits. In order to evaluate the effect of ACL reconstruction, the biomechanics of knee joint was different in the condition of distraction and disability reconstruction. Methods: twenty normal male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: control group and experimental group. The ACL of the experimental group was severed to establish the experimental animal model of ACL injury, and the broken ACL was reconstructed by distraction and disability. After 12 weeks, one of the 10 rabbits in the control group was randomly selected, and the knee joint spiral CT scan was performed, and the scan data were stored in reserve. Then the knee joint specimens of the control group and the experimental group were collected, and the relative data were obtained by tensile test on ACL. Finally, the three-dimensional finite element model of knee joint was established according to the spiral CT scan data. The finite element mechanical analysis was used to analyze and compare the internal and external tibia platform reconstruction of ACL in normal, injured and tensioned residual states. Biomechanical differences of medial meniscus and medial femoral condyle of knee joint. Results: there was no significant difference between the two groups. The results of tensile test showed that the maximum tensile force of rabbit ACL was (100.05 卤1.09) Ns, and that of reconstructed tendon was (38.11 卤5.04) N. the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P0.05). According to the spiral CT scanning data, the 3D finite element model of rabbit knee joint was successfully established. The results of tensile test were added to the finite element mechanical analysis. The results showed that the external and lateral tibia platform was reconstructed by ACL under three conditions: normal, injury and distraction residual. The biomechanical comparison of the medial meniscus and the medial and lateral femoral condyle of the knee joint was different: after ACL injury, the tibial plateau, the pressure of the medial meniscus and the medial femoral condyle of the knee joint increased by 23.3g and 23.3g, respectively. 39.8 and 32.3. After the extension and reconstruction of the ACL, the forces on all sides improved somewhat compared with those after the injury, but they were still increased by 19.3and 11.46.6and 10.7 respectively, as compared with the normal ones. 13.0 and 7.0. Conclusion: the biological properties of tendon grafts 12 weeks after ACL distraction and residual reconstruction were lower than those of normal ACL. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of knee joint showed that ACL could not completely recover the mechanical condition of knee joint after ACL injury, but it was better than that after ACL injury. The reconstruction of knee joint after ACL injury is necessary, but it still needs to be improved to improve the reconstruction effect of ACL.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R687.4;R-332

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