重庆主城区高血压病人对“终止高血压膳食”知识、态度和行为的调查

发布时间：2018-03-10 11:10

本文选题：高血压　切入点：知识-态度-行为　出处：《重庆医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:了解重庆主城区高血压病人对终止高血压膳食(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH)的知识、态度、行为(knowledge,attitude and practice,K-A-P)水平,分析K、A、P三者间的相互关系以及影响知识、态度、行为水平的因素,为开展高血压病人DASH教育及干预提供参考和依据。方法:随机抽取两个重庆市的主城区,再从两区中各随机抽取一个卫生服务站作为调查点,采用自行设计的DASH的KAP问卷对2016年4~6月前来就诊、咨询的高血压病人进行面对面问卷调查。调查完成后,使用Epidata3.1进行数据的双录入,采用SPSS17.0软件进行数据分析。采用独立样本t检验、方差分析进行均数间的比较;采用Pearson相关分析知识、态度、行为三者间关系;采用多元线性回归分析DASH相关知识得分、态度得分、行为得分的影响因素。结果:共回收445份有效调查问卷。高血压病人DASH的K、A、P平均得分分别为3.5±1.9分,6.0±0.9分,5.1±1.4分(均为10分制)。在知识部分,高血压病人对DASH推荐牛奶份量的知晓率最低仅为3.1%,其次是对DASH推荐水果份量的知晓率为3.4%;高血压病人对“如何选择食用油”的知晓率最高,为78.6%。在态度部分,“饭只吃7分饱”的赞同率和非常赞同率的总和为85.4%,赞同率最高;“饮食可以控制血压”的赞同率和非常赞同率的总和为64.1%;仍有24.7%、18.5%的病人对“高血压不碍事”及“应减少在外就餐”持无所谓态度。在行为部分,每天水果、牛奶、坚果摄入份量达到DASH推荐份量的比例极低,分别仅为1.6%、1.6%、2.5%。Pearson相关分析显示知识总得分与态度总得分(r=0.238,P=0.000)、知识总得分与行为总得分(r=0.451,P=0.000)、态度总得分与行为总得分(r=0.396,P=0.000)均呈正相关。多元线性回归分析结果显示影响DASH相关知识得分主要因素为文化程度、吸烟情况、血压监测情况;影响态度得分主要因素为知识得分、性别、年龄、身体质量指数(Body Mass Index,BMI)、吸烟情况、血压监测频率;影响行为得分主要因素为知识得分、态度得分、是否在职、吸烟情况及文化程度。结论:重庆市高血压病人DASH相关知识水平较差、行为水平较差但是态度较为积极。知识和态度均对降血压饮食行为有正面的影响,知识对行为的影响程度最大。不同人口学特征对知识水平、态度水平、行为水平均有一定的影响。建议健康教育应以提高病人DASH相关知识作为干预重点,对不同人口学特征的调查对象应采取有针对性的教育措施,此外应加强自我健康行为水平较差的病人的健康教育。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of essential approaches to stop hypertensionism (DASH) in essential hypertension patients in main urban areas of Chongqing, and to analyze the relationship among them and the factors influencing their knowledge, attitude and behavior. Methods: two main urban areas of Chongqing were randomly selected, and then one health service station was randomly selected from each of the two districts as the investigation point. The self-designed KAP questionnaire of DASH was used to investigate the hypertension patients who came to visit from 2016 to June. After the investigation was completed, the data were inputted by Epidata3.1. SPSS17.0 software was used for data analysis. Independent sample t-test and variance analysis were used to compare the mean; Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship among knowledge, attitude and behavior; multiple linear regression analysis was used to score DASH correlation knowledge. Results: a total of 445 valid questionnaires were collected. The average score of DASH in hypertensive patients was 3.5 卤1.9, 6.0 卤0.9 and 5.1 卤1.4 (all 10). The lowest awareness rate of DASH recommended milk was 3.1 for hypertensive patients, followed by 3.4 for fruit recommended by DASH, and the highest for hypertensive patients was "how to choose edible oil". In the attitude part, the sum of approval rate and very approval rate of "eating only seven points full" is 85.4, the approval rate of "diet can control blood pressure" is 64.1%, and there are still 24.7% of patients with "high blood". Keep out of the way "and" eat out "do not care." in the behavior section, The daily intake of fruit, milk and nuts is extremely low in proportion to the DASH recommended portion. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the total score of knowledge and attitude was 0.238P0.000, the total score of knowledge and behavior was 0.451P0.000, and the total score of attitude and behavior was 0.396P0.000. the results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the total score of knowledge and attitude and the total score of attitude and behavior. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the total score of knowledge and the total score of behavior, the total score of knowledge and behavior, and the total score of attitude and behavior. The main factors of knowledge score are education level, Smoking status, blood pressure monitoring, knowledge score, sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, blood pressure monitoring frequency, knowledge score and attitude score were the main factors influencing attitude score. Conclusion: the level of DASH related knowledge and behavior of hypertension patients in Chongqing is poor, but the attitude is more positive. Knowledge and attitude have positive influence on the diet behavior of lowering blood pressure. Knowledge has the greatest influence on behavior. Different demographic characteristics have a certain effect on the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior. It is suggested that health education should focus on the improvement of patients' DASH related knowledge. The survey subjects with different demographic characteristics should take targeted education measures and strengthen the health education of patients with poor self-health behavior.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R544.1

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